# public_alterationtypetype

description:
Rock is altered, but type not specified. Any alteration type allowed.


# public_amountestimationmethodtype

description:
Amount of waste estimation based on field work.


description:
Estimate from direct measurements of the area of landfill and estimates of depths.


description:
Sampling by drilling or trenching with a sample density not sufficient for a reliable geostatistical calculation of the amount of mining waste.


description:
Sampling by drilling or trenching with a sample density sufficient for a reliable geostatistical calculation of the amount of mining waste.


description:
Amount of waste estimation based on office study using remote sensing techniques.


description:
Calculations from digital aerial photos, satellite images or similar


description:
Amount of waste estimation based on existing data  such as maps, reports, production statistics.


description:
The mere presence of a mine or mineral processing plant means that mining waste is nearby. No information on amount though it can be estimated from knowledge of the mining activity.


description:
Data from the literature without any information of methods


description:
Amount of mining waste calculated from statistics on produced amount of waste rock, produced amount of tailings,  ore input to concentrator minus  quantity of produced concentrate or similar. For highest accuracy information on amount of recycled waste (backfill, reprocessed, as aggregates, etc.) is known.


description:
Amount of mining waste estimated from data on the amount of ore produced and the knowledge of the ore type.


# public_analyticalmethodtypetype

name:
Combined combustion and infrared detection (LECO)


name:
Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry


name:
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry


name:
Lead Fire Assay - Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry


name:
Lead Fire Assay - Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry


name:
Lead Fire Assay - Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry


name:
Nickel Sulphide Fire Assay - Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis


name:
Plutonium-isotope excited X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry


# public_classificationmethodusedtype

description:
Standards defined by the Canadian Institute of Mining Metalurgy and Petroleum (CIM) which establishes definitions and guidelines for the reporting of exploration information mineral resources and mineral reserves in Canada.


description:
Template established by the Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (CRIRSCO) which integrates the minimum standards being adopted in  national reporting codes worldwide with recommendations and interpretive guidelines for the public reporting of exploration results mineral resources and mineral reserves.


description:
Former recommended Rules for Public Reporting of Exploration Results Surveys Feasibility Studies and Estimates of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves in Sweden Finland and Norway established by the Fennoscandian Review Board (FRB)


description:
An estimate that was made sufficiently long ago to be defined as historic and consequently should be used with caution.


description:
Reporting code developed by the Institute of Mining Engineers of Chile (IIMCh) and adopted by the Mining Commission of Chile as the offiical document for the reporting of the estimation classification and assessment of mineral resources and mineral reserves


description:
Reporting code developed by the former Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (IMM) which sets out minimum standards recommendations and guidelines for Public Reporting of Mineral Exploration Results Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Europe.


description:
Reporting code established by the Joint Ore Resources Committee (JORC) which sets out minimum standards recommendations and guidelines for Public Reporting of Mineral Exploration Results Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves in Australia and New Zealand.


description:
A reporting code developed by an authorised National body which is applied within the specified country but is not separately listed.


description:
National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects is a mineral resource classification scheme used for the public disclosure of information relating to mineral properties in Canada.


description:
A exploration estimate that does not comply with any internationally recognised system of reporting.


description:
A reserve estimate that does not comply with any internationally recognised system of reporting.


description:
A resource estimate that does not comply with any internationally recognised system of reporting.


description:
Reporting code developed by the Pan-European Reserves and Resources Reporting Committee (PERC) which sets standards for public reporting of exploration results mineral resources and mineral reserves by companies listed on markets in Europe.


description:
The Code of Standards for Reporting Mineral Resources and Reserves issued by the Lima Stock Exchange is based on the principles and content of the Australian Joint Ore Reserves Committee Code the South African Mineral Reporting Codes and the Canadian Institute of Mining Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards.


description:
The Russian Code for the Public Reporting of Exploration Results Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves established by the National Association for Subsoil Examination (NAEN) which sets minimal requirements for Public Reporting by Russian mining and exploration companies


description:
The South African Code for Reporting of Exploration Results Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (the SAMREC code) sets out minimum standards, recommendations and guidelines for Public Reporting of Exploration Results Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves in South Africa


description:
The South African Code for the Reporting of Mineral Asset Valuation (the SAMVAL code) sets out minimum standards and guidelines for Reporting of Mineral Asset Valuation in South Africa.


description:
Description of Property by Issuers Engaged or to be Engaged in Significant Mining Operations are a set of guidelines developed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States of America.


description:
Guide for Reporting Exploration Results Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted by the Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration (SME) in the United States of America


description:
The United Nations Framework Classification for Fossil Energy and Mineral Reserves and Resources (UNFC) is a universally applicable scheme for classifying and evaluating energy and mineral reserves and resources as well as other types of resources


description:
Principles of resource and reserve classification for minerals United States Geological Survey Circular 831 issued in 1980.


# public_commoditygrouptype

name:
building raw materials and dimension stones


name:
specialty and other industrial rocks and minerals


# public_compositioncategorytype

description:
Greater than accessory amount (greater than 5 percent by volume) of clay is present


description:
Sandstone petrographic composition term indicating that detrital mode for clastic rock (Q-F-L) includes less than 75 percent quartz and the feldspar to lithic ratio is greater than 3 to 1. This corresponds to the arkose field of Folk (1968). For clastic rocks with little or no matrix and cement, rocks in this detrital mode composition category will also have quartz-feldspathic mineralogical composition.


description:
Material contains a significant amount of asphalt, which is a 'dark brown to black viscous liquid or low-melting solid bitumen that consists almost entirely of carbon and hydrogen...[and] formed in oil-bearing rocks by the evaporation of volatiles...' (Jackson, 1997, p. 39).


description:
CO3 is the predominant anion, and greater than 5 mole percent of cations are Ba.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary material contains significant broken skeletal material


description:
Calcium carbonate minerals are present, carbonate minerals form less than 50 percent of rock, material contains sufficient CaCO3 to react forming bubbles when hydrochloric acid is applied.


description:
Carbonate minerals form greater than 75 percent of rock, and calcium carbonate minerals forms greater than 75 percent of carbonate minerals.


description:
CO3 is the predominante anion, and the Ca is the most abundant (mole percent) cation.


description:
Material consists of greater than or equal to 50 percent calcsilicate or carbonate minerals and carbonate minerals less than or equal to calcsilicate minerals in mineral mode.


description:
Calcsilicate minerals of any sort are present, but less than 50 percent of rock


description:
Material containing significant carbon or hydrocarbon mineral phases, including graphite, coal, oil, gas, lignite, peat.


description:
Containing greater than 5 percent reduced carbon in compounds that are typically the diagenetic products of dead organisms (e.g. coal, bitumen and petroleum). 5 percent value is chosen for consistency with SLTTs usage of term carbonaceous.


description:
Material consists of greater than 50 percent calcsilicate or carbonate minerals and carbonate minerals greater than calcsilicate minerals in mineral mode. Metacarbonate of NADMSC SLTTm (2004) terminology, adopted here for non-genetic use.


description:
Carbonate minerals of any sort are present, but less than 50 percent of rock.


description:
The carbonate (CO3) anion is the predominant anion (by mole percent) in chemical analysis. Sub-categories may be defined by dominant cation. Material in this chemical class overlaps with the monomineralic carbonate class, and probably overlaps with the Carbonate class in the mineralogical composition classification.


description:
Chloride is the most abundant (mole percent) anion


description:
Greater than accessory amount (greater than 5 percent by volume) of chlorite group minerals are present


description:
Composition not specified. Use in normative descriptions where any composition property is allowed.


description:
Carbonate minerals form greater than 75 percent of rock, and dolomite forms greater than 75 percent of carbonate minerals.


description:
Dolomite is present, carbonate minerals form less than 50 percent of rock.


description:
Sedimentary material contains significant feldspar mineral content


description:
General sandstone petrography term for a sandstone in which the ratio of feldspar to lithic fragments is greater than 1:1 and less than 75 percent quartz is present in the detrital mode. Subsumes lithic arkosic and arkosic sandstone petrographic composition classes. Usage of modifier feldspathic is consistent with petrographic subdivisions of Dott (1964) and Williams, Turner and Gilbert (1982)


description:
Sandstone petrographic composition term indicating that detrital mode for clastic rock (Q-F-L) includes less than 75 percent quartz and the feldspar to lithic ratio is between 1 to 1 and 1 to 3. This corresponds to the feldspathic litharenite field of Folk (1968). Rocks in this class are likely to be quartzo-feldspathic in terms of mineralogical composition terms in this vocablary, but because the mineralogical composition of the lithic fraction is not constrainged, this correlation is not necessary.


description:
Material consists of greater than 40 percent dark ferromagnesian silicate minerals. Standard term defined by Bates and Jackson (1987) to mean 'containing iron and magnesium'. Subsumes mafic and ultramafic.


description:
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) greater than sum of Na, K and Ca oxide.


description:
Greater than accessory amount (greater than 5 percent by volume) of non-silicate iron minerals (hematite, magnetite, siderite...) are present. Rocks containing abundant iron-rich silicate minerals would use the 'Ferromagnesian' terms.


description:
Fluorine is the most abundant (mole percent) anion


description:
One or more of halide group elements (F, Cl, Br, I) are most abundant (mole percent) anion


description:
Containing 65 percent or more SiO2 by weight. Syn acid.


description:
Material consists of greater than 50 percent calcsilicate or carbonate minerals and relative proportion of calcsilicate and carbonate minerals is unknown or not specified.


description:
Containing SiO2 in the range 52-65 percent, sometimes described as intermediate rocks.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary material contains signficant intraclast content


description:
CO3 is the predominant anion, and iron is greater than 5 mole percent of the cations (includes Fe, Mg, Mn, Ba, Sr, Ca...).


description:
CO3 is the predominant anion, and iron is the most abundant (mole percent) cation


description:
Sedimentary material contains significant detrital rock fragments derived by erosion from older, pre-existing rock materials


description:
Sandstone petrographic composition term indicating that detrital mode for clastic rock (Q-F-L) includes less than 75 percent quartz and the ratio of lithic fragments to feldspar is between 1:1 and 1:3. This corresponds to the lithic arkose field of Folk (1968), the 75 percent quartz boundary is chosen to be consistent with quartzsose composition as defined in the mineralogic compostion terms vocabulary. Because of the abundance of lithic fragments for which the mineralogic composition is not specified, and the presence of undiscernible matrix and cement that are not incuded in the detrital mode, corresondence with the mineralogical composition terms is very approximate.


description:
Sandstone petrographic composition term indicating that detrital mode for clastic rock (Q-F-L) includes less than 75 percent quartz and the lithic to feldspar ratio is greater than 3 to 1. This corresponds to the litharenite field of Folk (1968). Because the mineralogy of the lithic fragments is not constrained, the mineralogical composition is largely independent of the detrital mode composition for this class.


description:
Sandstone petrographic composition term indicating that the ratio of lithic fragments to feldspar is greater than 1:1, and less than 75 percent quartz is present in the detrital mode. Because the mineralogy of the lithic fragments is not constrained, the mineralogical composition is largely independent of the detrital mode composition for this class.


description:
Containing SiO2 in the range 44-52 percent. Syn basic.


description:
Material consists of greater than or equal to 40 percent and less than 90 percent ferromagnesian silicate minerals.


description:
CO3 is the predominant anion, and Mg is the most abundant (mole percent) cation.


description:
Greater than accessory amounts (greater than 5 percent by volume) of base metal oxide minerals such as magnetite (Fe3O4) or pyrolusite (MnO2) are present.


description:
Chemical composition term used for igneous rocks, denoting that content of aluminum oxide is greater than sodium oxide plus potassium oxide, but aluminum oxide less than sum of Na, K and Ca oxide.


description:
Greater than accessory amount (greater than 5 percent by volume) of mica group mineral are present


description:
Greater than 75 percent of the material consists of a single mineral species.


description:
Grains or clasts are composed of a single rock or mineral type (Jackson, 1997)


description:
Rock in which carbonate minerals form greater than 75 percent of rock.


description:
Nitrate (NO3) is most abundant (mole percent) anion.


description:
Composition is known but doesn’t' fit in any other category


description:
Material predominantly composed of oxide minerals


description:
Material for which the sum of modal quartz+feldspar+ mica + aluminous mineral is greater than or equal to 70 percent, and aluminous mineral + mica content is greater than or equal to 40 percent.


description:
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is less than sum of K and Na oxide.


description:
Crude oil or natural gas is present, generally in trace amounts, commonly detected by smell


description:
Phosphate (PO4) is the most abundant (mole percent) anion.


description:
Greater than accessory amount (greater than 5 percent by volume) of phosphate minerals are present


description:
Grains or clasts are composed of many mineral or rock types


description:
Material for which the sum of modal quartz+feldspar+ mica + aluminous mineral is greater than or equal to 70 percent.


description:
Material for which the sum of modal quartz+feldspar+ mica + aluminous mineral is greater than or equal to 70 percent, and quartz + feldspar (sensu Robertson, 1999) greater than 60 percent.


description:
Material consists of greater than or equal to 75 percent quartz.


description:
Detrital mineral grains in a granular rock consist of greater than 95 percent quartz. This petrographic criteria follows the most restrictive definition of the composition field at the quartz vertex of the sandstone QFL triangle (Folk, 1968). This use of term quartzose is more restrictive that that used in the mineralogical composition term vocabulary, reflecting the interpretive significance of pure quartz sandstones in sedimentary petrology.


description:
Material for which the sum of modal quartz+feldspar+ mica + aluminous mineral is greater than or equal to 70 percent, and quartz+ feldspar less than 60 percent


description:
Composed of minerals whose crystal structure contains SiO4 tetrahedra, either isolated or joined through one or more oxygen atoms to form groups, chains, sheets or three-dimensional structures with metallic cations. Composition ranges from 20-100 percent SiO2. Typically some Al substitutues for silica. A survey of chemical analyses in the Georock database (query FOR ALL GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS, MATERIAL: WHOLE ROCK (AND VOLCANIC GLASS), PUB. YEARS: 2005-1970), 10/10/2005, http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/Entry.html) discovered that the lowest silica (Si02) content for igneous rock is about 20 percent. This is consistent with the lowest silica content found for a silicate mineral is about 21 percent for a chlorite variety found by scanning the mineral analyses in Deer, Howie, and Zussman (1966).


description:
Greater than accessory amount (greater than 5 percent by volume) of silica, amorphous, as quartz, or any of the silica polymorphs are present


description:
Sandstone petrographic composition term indicating that detrital mode for clastic rock (Q-F-L) includes less than 50 percent lithic fragments, between 75 and 95 percent quartz (thus less than 25 percent feldspar). This corresponds to the subarkose field of Folk (1968), the 75 percent quartz boundary is consistent with the quartzsose composition as defined in the mineralogic compostion terms vocabulary, but if more than a few percent 'matrix' or cement is present, this is not necessarily equivalent to the mineralogical composition term.


description:
Sandstone petrographic composition term indicating that detrital mode for clastic rock (Q-F-L) includes more than 50 percent lithic fragments, between 75 and 95 percent quartz (thus less than 25 percent feldspar). This corresponds to the sublitharenite field of Folk (1968), the 75 percent quartz boundary is consistent with quartzsose composition as defined in the mineralogic compostion terms vocabulary.


description:
Aluminum oxide within 10 percent of sum of Na and K oxide.


description:
Material predominantly composed of sulfate minerals


description:
Material predominantly composed of sulfide minerals


description:
Greater than accessory amount (greater than 5 percent by volume) of sulfide mineral are present


description:
Sulfur is the most abundant anion, cations are metals or semimetals.


description:
Sulfide in which a semimetal (As, Sb, Bi) is present in a cation role


description:
Material consists of greater than 90 percent ferromagnesian silicate minerals.


description:
Containing between about 20 and 44 percent SiO2. A survey of chemical analyses in the Georock database (query FOR ALL GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS, MATERIAL: WHOLE ROCK (AND VOLCANIC GLASS), PUB. YEARS: 2005-1970), 10/10/2005,  http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg. syn ultrabasic.


description:
Sedimentary material contains significant broken volcanic rock fragments or vitric fragments, irrespective of their pyroclastic or epiclastic origin.


# public_compositionestimationmethodtype

description:
Composition of waste estimation based on field work.


description:
Drilling or trenching: One or very few locations sampled and analysed


description:
Drilling or trenching: Random drilling or trenching with a sample density and analytical quality not sufficient for a proper geostatistical analysis.


description:
Drilling or trenching: Sampling by drilling or trenching with a sample density and analytical quality sufficient for a geostatistical estimation to calculate the amount of material for a resource estimate acceptable for international reporting (ie the JORC code, NI 43-101, etc.)


description:
Composition of waste estimation based on existing data  such reports and production statistics.


description:
Production statistics: Calculations from known composition of  produced waste rock, produced tailings,  ore input to concentrator minus  quantity of produced concentrate or similar.


description:
Production statistics: Estimates from amount and composition of produced ore and estimates of recovery.


# public_consolidationdegreetype

description:
Particulate constituents of a compound material adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid material in its own right.


description:
In normative descriptions, indicates that consolidation state is not a determining factor in identification, it may have any value.


description:
Consolidation ranges from unconsolidated to indurated on scale of description


description:
Shoveled with difficulty, relative density 0.4 - 0.7.


description:
Requires blasting or heavy equipment to loosen, Relative density 0.9-1.0. Rings to blow of hammer.


description:
Multiple blows with standard rock hammer (less than 1 kg) are required to break rock.


description:
Rock can be broken with single blow from standard rock hammer (less than 1 kg mass).


description:
Particulate constituents of a compound material do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid in its own right.


description:
Easily shoveled, can be indented with fingers, Relative density 0.2-0.4.


description:
Easily indented with fingers, Relative density 0.0-0.2.


description:
Material is lithified, but induration varies at scale of description.


description:
Requires pick to loosen for shoveling, relative density 0.7-0.9.


description:
Particles in the rock are strongly bound together such that rock surface can only be broken with great difficulty using standard rock hammer (less than 1 kg mass).


# public_conventiontype

description:
The orientation measurement consists of a dip and a dip direction. Dip is the angle that the structural surface (eg bedding, fault plane) makes with the horizontal measured perpendicular to the strike of the structure and in the vertical plane Dip direction is the azimuth perpindicular to the strike of the structure


description:
The strike and dip of planar data is listed according to the ‘right-hand rule’ or, as one looks along the strike direction, the surface dips to the right. Dip is the angle that the structural surface (eg bedding, fault plane) makes with the horizontal measured perpindicular to the strike of the structure and in the vertical plane


# public_countrytype

description:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland


description:
Data for 2004 and 2005 are before they split


# public_deposittypetype

name:
bimodal and felsic volcanism Cu-Pb-Zn VMS and transitional magmatic deposits


description:
Primary clays form as residual deposits in soil and remain at the site of formation. Secondary clays are clays that have been transported from their original location by water erosion and deposited in a new sedimentary deposit. Clay deposits are typically associated with very low energy depositional environments such as large lakes and marine basins.


description:
Amorphous graphite (crystal size < 1 micron usually, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.6.415


description:
Flake graphite ((crystal size > 100 micron), https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.6.415


description:
Vein graphite (hydrothermally  deposited graphite), https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.6.415


description:
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure


description:
Amblygonite-Montebrasite quartz veins of hydrothermal origin frequently spatially associated with Rare Metal Granites., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103215


name:
mafic volcanism Cu–Zn massive sulphide deposits


description:
Ore deposits associated with  hydrothermal fluids associated with magmatic activity., Robb, L. 2005 Introduction to ore forming processes chapter two, Blacwell  Publishing


description:
mineral desposit formed by regional or contact metamorphism., https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.11


description:
Pegmatites are texturally complex igneous rocks marked by extremely large but variable crystal size, spatial zonation of minerals, prominent anisotropy of crystal orientations from the margins inward, or skeletal, radial, and graphic intergrowth habits of crystals. Any one attribute is sufficient, none is necessary, and they commonly occur in combination within a single pegmatite body., https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.12489-3


description:
Significant deposits of phosphorite are found in the Xisha Islands (Ritterbush, 1978). Phosphorite is also formed in regions of oceanic upwelling where large volumes of phosphate-rich cold water rise from great depths to the surface., Nearly all igneous rocks contain some phosphate, even if it is only ~0.1% (0.2% P2O5 on average in lithosphere), with nearly all of it in the form of apatite. Sedimentary rocks generally contain rather less (~0.1% P2O5 on average). (Apr 13, 2016)


description:
Rare metal granites are relatively quartz-poor albite-rich granites hosting a disseminated essentially magmatic mineralisation. They are generally emplaced at a high crustal emplacement level with frequent volcanic equivalents., https://doi.org/10.5382/AV100.12


description:
Sediment hosted Cu deposits, such as Central African Copper Belt and Kupferschiefer., https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5090/j/sir2010-5090j_text.pdf


name:
unsaturated and saturated syenitic and alkali granitic igneous rocks and pegmatites


name:
vein,  including polymetallic and 5 element vein (Bi, Co, Ni, Ag, U)


description:
Volcanogenic Cu-Zn-Pb deposits in general., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070C


# public_determinationmethodtype

description:
Orientation value is specified using a calculated average of a collection of related orientations (computer generalization).


description:
Orientation of a geologic structure estimated based on inspection or measurements on an air photograph.


description:
Orientation of a geologic structure based on observation from a distance great enough to preclude direct inspection of the structure to determine orientation.


description:
Orientation of surface or line is measured on an outcrop of that surface or line directly, e.g. by measuring a particular bedding surface, a 3-D exposure of a fold hinge, a particular stretched mineral grain in a foliation surface.


description:
use value qualifier to specify the kind of nil


description:
Orientation determined based on measurements from aerial photography or satellite imagery (in conjunction with an elevation model.


description:
Orientation measured using compass or other instrument directly on or at an outcrop of the structure.


description:
Orientation determined by fitting a plane to three or more points located on the geologic surface of interest.


description:
Orientation of a surface is measured by visually averaging across one or more outcrops in a small area--e.g. approximating dip by looking down strike of beds, approximating strike by outcrop trace of one or more beds.


# public_endusepotentialtype

description:
Direct application of chalk, limestone or dolomite for soil conditioning


description:
Material used for agricultural or horticultural purposes as a fertiliser, soil conditioner or improver.


description:
Natural Stone used in a block, flag or slate form for construction or decorative purposes, or artifacts, e.g. millstones.


description:
Material directly used in the manufacture of cement or mortar.


description:
Material used as a raw material for the manufacture of ceramics and refractories, i.e. whiteware or pottery. Excludes bricks, tiles, pipes and pottery.


description:
Material directly used in the manufacture of a product by an industrial chemical process. Includes borates, barite, fluorite, magnesium (magnesite), sodium sulphate, sodium carbonate (trona), pyrite, sulphur, rock salt, strontium, zeolites.


description:
Material used in the construction industry. Includes aggregate, dimension & ornamental stones (granite, gabbro, travertine, etc.), gypsum, anhydrite, cement limestone, limestone for lime, marble, sand and gravel.


description:
Any of several hard, inert materials, such as sand, gravel, slag, or crushed stone, used for mixing with a cementing or bituminous material to form concrete or asphalt or used alone, as in railroad ballast or graded fill. Excludes materials for cement making and plaster making.


description:
Material has potential for use in borehole drilling processes, e.g. as a mud weight or viscosity additive.


description:
Raw materials in the energy industry. Includes oil, gas, bituminous sandstone and limestone, oil shale, coal, lignite, peat, thorium, uranium.


description:
Clay or shale with particular properties, used for a civil engineering purpose other than as a fill, e.g. liner for landfill, flood defence


description:
Direct application K- or P-bearing rock as a fertiliser; rock used for chemical fertiliser production e.g. phosphate; mineral used to prevent caking of fertilizer granules


description:
Material has potential for energy production through burning


description:
Material used as a part of the process in the manufacture of a metallic product.


description:
Precious or semi precious stones or metals for use in jewellery or decorative work


description:
General use in the glass making industry, including fluxes.


description:
Horticultural uses e.g. sand for top dressing, peat


description:
Material used in the manufacture of a product by an industrial process, or in the treatment of a product


description:
Material directly used in the treatment or enhancement of an industrial product, i.e. paper coatings.


description:
Soil and aggregates used for landscaping


description:
Metal ore directly used to produce metals and minerals used in their processing


description:
Resource end use is for sale to collectors and for education


description:
resource end use is extraction of non-metal elements for direct use, e.g. flourine, bromine, iodine, boron


description:
Material has potential for energy production through use in nuclear reactor


description:
Material directly used in the manufacture of a plaster or plasterboard.


description:
Materials recycled for either remanufacture of a similar product or for use in a different product or manner


name:
speciality and other industrial rocks and minerals

description:
Includes abrasives: garnet, staurolite, corundum; asbestos (antophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite); attapulgite, sepiolite (clay); bentonite (clay); limestone, calcite (filler); diatomite (kieselguhr);  graphite; mica; perlite; quartz (massive / block for ferrosilicon); quartz (for optical and piezoelectrical use); silica sand; talc, pyrophyllite; vermiculite; wollastonite.


description:
Material used as a raw material for the manufacture of structural clay products, i.e. Bricks, pipes and tiles.


name:
environmental Protection & Water Treatment material

description:
Material used for environmental protection and water treatment: E.g. flue gas cleaning, waste disposal, wastewater disposal or drinking water treatment. High purity limestones are used for drinking water treatment. Aggressive carbonic acid reacts with limestone (CaCO3) to form calcium hydrogen carbonate


description:
Material used for food industrie: E.g. animal feed production, filter and cleaning material or food production and food supplement. Kaiserstuhl phonolite is used as feed additive for cow food.


description:
Material used for handycraft: E.g. handydrafts or jewelry


# public_environmentaldomaintype

description:
The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air.


description:
Sound which is unwanted, either because of its effects on humans, its effect on fatigue or malfunction of physical equipment, or its interference with the perception or detection of other sounds.


description:
A feature or component of the natural environment that is of value in serving human needs, e.g. soil, water, plant life, wildlife, etc. Some natural resources have an economic value (e.g. timber) while others have a "non-economic" value (e.g. scenic beauty).


description:
State of the climate and/or change in this state that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.


description:
Measures or devices designed to reduce the risk of harm to human health posed by pollutants or other threatening conditions in the ecosystem.


description:
A predominantly mechanical mixture of a variety of individual gases forming the earth's enveloping atmosphere.


description:
Common liquid (H2O) which forms rain, rivers, the sea, etc., and which makes up a large part of the bodies of organisms.


description:
Material, often unusable, left over from any manufacturing, industrial, agricultural or other human process; material damaged or altered during a manufacturing process and subsequently left useless.


description:
Active management of the earth's natural resources and environment to ensure their quality is maintained and that they are wisely used.


description:
Development that provides economic, social and environmental benefits in the long term having regard to the needs of living and future generations.


description:
The term land use deals with the spatial aspects of all human activities on the land and with the way in which the land surface is adapted, or could be adapted, to serve human needs.


# public_eventenvironmenttype

description:
Geologic environments within the solid Earth.


description:
Geologic environments on the surface of the solid Earth.


description:
Material originated outside of the Earth or its atmosphere.


description:
Setting defined by relationships to tectonic plates on or in the Earth.


description:
A drainage channel along which runoff no longer occurs, as on an alluvial fan.


name:
above carbonate compensation depth setting

description:
Marine environment in which carbonate sediment does not dissolve before reaching the sea floor and can accumulate.


description:
The ocean environment at water depths between 3,500 and 6,000 metres.


description:
Plate margin setting on continental crust.


description:
Divergent plate margin at which new oceanic crust is being formed.


description:
Sedimentary setting in which wind is the dominant process producing, transporting, and depositing sediment. Typically has low-relief plain or piedmont slope physiography.


description:
Human influence setting with intensive agricultural activity or forestry land use,  including forest plantations.


description:
Modern "algal flats are found on rock or mud in areas flooded only by the highest tides and are often subject to high evaporation rates. Algal flats survive only when an area is salty enough to eliminate snails and other herbivorous animals that eat algae, yet is not so salty that the algae cannot survive. The most common species of algae found on algal flats are blue-green algae of the genera Scytonema and Schizothrix. These algae can tolerate the daily extremes in temperature and oxygen that typify conditions on the flats. Other plants sometimes found on algal flats include one-celled green algae, flagellates, diatoms, bacteria, and isolated scrubby red and black mangroves, as well as patches of saltwort. Animals include false cerith, cerion snails, fiddler crabs, and great land crabs. Flats with well developed algal mats are restricted for the most part to the Keys, with Sugarloaf and Crane Keys offering prime examples of algal flat habitat." (Audubon, 1991)


description:
A low, outspread, relatively flat to gently sloping mass of loose rock material, shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone, deposited by a stream (esp. in a semiarid region) at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain valley upon a plain or broad valley, or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream, or wherever a constriction in a valley abruptly ceases or the gradient of the stream suddenly decreases; it is steepest near the mouth of the valley where its apex points upstream, and it slopes gently and convexly outward with gradually decreasing gradient.


description:
An assemblage landforms produced by alluvial and fluvial processes (braided streams, terraces, etc.,) that form low gradient, regional ramps along the flanks of mountains and extend great distances from their sources (e.g., High Plains of North America). (NRCS GLOSSARY OF LANDFORM AND GEOLOGIC TERMS). A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium... Synonym-- wash plain;...river plain; aggraded valley plain;... (Jackson, 1997, p. 17). May include one or more River plain systems.


description:
Setting depleted in oxygen, typically subaqueous.


description:
Setting characterized by mean annual precipitation of 10 inches (25 cm) or less. (Jackson, 1997, p. 172). Equivalent to SLTT 'Desert setting', but use 'Arid' to emphasize climatic nature of setting definition.


description:
Tectonic setting adjacent to a volcanic arc formed above a subduction zone. The back arc setting is on the opposite side of the volcanic arc from the trench at which oceanic crust is consumed in a subduction zone. Back arc setting includes terrane that is affected by plate margin and arc-related processes.


description:
The landward side of a reef. The term is often used adjectivally to refer to deposits within the restricted lagoon behind a barrier reef, such as the "back-reef facies" of lagoonal deposits. In some places, as on a platform-edge reef tract, "back reef" refers to the side of the reef away from the open sea, even though no land may be nearby.


description:
A narrow, elongate sand or gravel ridge rising slightly above the high-tide level and extending generally parallel with the shore, but separated from it by a lagoon (Shepard, 1954, p.1904), estuary, or marsh; it is extended by longshore transport and is rarely more than several kilometers long.


description:
Setting meant to include all the various geographic elements typically associated with a barrier island coastline, including the barrier islands, and geomorphic/geographic elements that are linked by processes associated with the presence of the island (e.g. wash over fans, inlet channel, back barrier lagoon).


description:
The seaward side of a reef; the slope covered with deposits of coarse reef talus.


description:
A lagoon that is roughly parallel to the coast and is separated from the open ocean by a strip of land or by a barrier reef. Tidal influence is typically restricted and the lagoon is commonly hypersaline.


description:
An ombrotrophic or ombrogene peat/bog whose nutrient supply is exclusively from rain water (including snow and atmospheric fallout) therefore making nutrients extremely oligotrophic.


description:
Near flat areas of ocean floor, slope less than 1:1000; generally receive only distal turbidite and pelagic sediments.


description:
The ocean environment at water depths between 200 and 3500 metres.


description:
The unconsolidated material at the shoreline that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic form (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); at the shore of a body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface.


name:
below carbonate compensation depth setting

description:
Marine environment in which water is deep enough that carbonate sediment goes into solution before it can accumulate on the sea floor.


description:
A ridgelike or moundlike structure, layered or massive, built by sedentary calcareous organisms, esp. corals, and consisting mostly of their remains; it is wave-resistant and stands topographically above the surrounding contemporaneously deposited sediment.


description:
Topogeneous bog/peat whose moisture content is largely dependent on surface water. It is relatively rich in plant nutrients, nitrogen, and mineral matter, is mildly acidic to nearly neutral, and contains little or no cellulose; forms in topographic depressions with essential stagnat or non-moving minerotrophic water supply


description:
Waterlogged, spongy ground, consisting primarily of mosses, containing acidic, decaying vegetation that may develop into peat.


description:
A stream that divides into or follows an interlacing or tangled network of several small branching and reuniting shallow channels separated from each other by ephemeral branch islands or channel bars, resembling in plan the strands of a complex braid. Such a stream is generally believed to indicate an inability to carry all of its load, such as an overloaded and aggrading stream flowing in a wide channel on a floodplain.


description:
A shoreline setting in which terrigenous input is minor compared to local carbonate sediment production. Constructional biogenic activity is an important element in geomorphic development.


description:
A type of carbonate platform that is attached to a continental landmass and a region of sedimentation that is analogous to shelf environments for terrigenous clastic deposition. A carbonate shelf may receive some supply of material from the adjacent landmass.


description:
A natural underground open space; it generally has a connection to the surface, is large enough for a person to enter, and extends into darkness. The most common type of cave is formed in limestone by dissolution.


description:
A dune field on low-lying land recently abandoned or built up by the sea; the dunes may ascend a cliff and travel inland.


description:
A low relief plain bordering a water body extending inland to the nearest elevated land, sloping very gently towards the water body. Distinguished from alluvial plain by presence of relict shoreline-related deposits or morphology.


description:
ectonic setting in which two continental crustal plates impact and are sutured together after intervening oceanic crust is entirely consumed at a subduction zone separating the plates. Such collision typically involves major mountain forming events, exemplified by the modern Alpine and Himalayan mountain chains.


description:
Metamorphism of country rock at the contact of an igneous body.


description:
An area of the continental margin between the shoreline and the continental slope that is topographically more complex than the continental shelf. It is characterized by ridges and basins, some of which are below the depth of the continental shelf. An example is the southern California continental borderland (Jackson, 1997, p. 138).


description:
That type of the Earth's crust which underlies the continents and the continental shelves; it is equivalent to the sial and continental sima and ranges in thickness from about 25 km to more than 70 km under mountain ranges, averaging ~40 km. The density of the continental crust averages ~2.8 g/cm3 and is ~2.7 g.cm3 in the upper layer. The velocities of compressional seismic waves through it average ~6.5 km/s and are less than ~7.0 km/sec.


description:
Extended terrane in a zone of continental breakup, may include incipient oceanic crust. Examples include Red Sea, East Africa Rift, Salton Trough.


description:
Tectonically stable setting far from any active plate margins.


description:
That part of the ocean floor that is between the shoreline and the continental slope (or, when there is no noticeable continental slope, a depth of 200 m). It is characterized by its gentle slope of 0.1 degree (Jackson, 1997, p. 138). Continental shelves have a classic shoreline-shelf-slope profile termed 'clinoform'.


description:
The outermost layer or shell of the Earth, defined according to various criteria, including seismic velocity, density and composition; that part of the Earth above the Mohorovicic discontinuity, made up of the sial and the sima.


description:
The abandoned, bow- or horseshoe-shaped channel of a former meander, left when the stream formed a cutoff across a narrow meander neck. Note that these are typically lakes, thus also lacustrine.


description:
Deep ocean basin with steep (average 10 degrees) slope toward land, more gentle slope (average 5 degrees) towards the sea, and abundant seismic activity on landward side of trench. Does not denote water depth, but may be very deep.


description:
A divergent stream flowing away from the main stream and not returning to it, as in a delta or on an alluvial plain.


description:
The mouth of a delta distributary channel where fluvial discharge moves from confined to unconfined flow conditions.


description:
A narrow zone where deposition in deltas is most active, consisting of a continuous sheet of sand, and occurring within the effective depth of wave erosion (10 m or less). It is the zone separating the prodelta from the delta plain, and it may or may not be steep"


description:
Environments at the mouth of a river or stream that enters a standing body of water (ocean or lake). The delta forms a triangular or fan-shaped plain of considerable area. Subaerial parts of the delta are crossed by many distributaries of the main river,


description:
The level or nearly level surface composing the landward part of a large or compound delta; strictly, an alluvial plain characterized by repeated channel bifurcation and divergence, multiple distributary channels, and interdistributary flood basins.


description:
Slope setting within the deltaic  system.


description:
Extensive deposits on sand in an area where the supply is abundant. As a characteristic, individual dunes somewhat resemble barchans but are highly irregular in shape and crowded; erg areas of the Sahara are an example.


description:
Setting in which finegrained particles accumulate, e.g. loess deposition.


description:
Contained, embedded, or carried within the body of a glacier or ice sheet; said of meltwater streams, till, drift, moraine.


description:
Marine setting situated within the interior of the continent, rather than at the edge of a continent.


description:
A delta that has filled, or is in the process of filling, an estuary.


description:
A lagoon produced by the temporary sealing of a river estuary by a storm barrier. Such lagoons are usually seasonal and exist until the river breaches the barrier; they occur in regions of low or spasmodic rainfall.


description:
Environments at the seaward end or the widened funnel-shaped tidal mouth of a river valley where fresh water comes into contact with seawater and where tidal effects are evident (adapted from Glossary of Geology, Jackson, 1997, p. 217).


description:
Tectonic setting characterized by extension of the upper crust, manifested by formation of rift valleys or basin and range physiography, with arrays of low to high angle normal faults. Modern examples include the North Sea, East Africa, and the Basin and Range of the North American Cordillera. Typically applied in continental crustal settings.


description:
A debris-flow or sheetflood-dominated alluvial fan build out into a lake or the sea.


description:
Spreading center at which the opening rate is greater than 100 mm per year.


description:
The surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to a river channel, constructed by the present river in its existing regimen and covered with water when the river overflows its banks. It is built of alluvium carried by the river during floods and deposited in the sluggish water beyond the influence of the swiftest current. A river has one floodplain and may have one or more terraces representing abandoned floodplains.


description:
Tectonic setting between a subduction-related trench and a volcanic arc.


description:
The exterior area of an orogenic belt where deformation occurs without significant metamorphism. Generally the foreland is closer to the continental interior than other portions of the orogenic belt are.


description:
A foreshore is the region between mean high water and mean low water marks of the tides. Depending on the tidal range this may be a vertical distance of anything from a few tens of centimetres to many meters.


description:
A desert plain strewn with wind-abraded pebbles, or gibbers; a gravelly desert.


description:
A broad, gently sloping sheet of outwash deposited by meltwater streams flowing in front of or beyond a glacier, and formed by coalescing outwahs fans; the surface of a broad body of outwash.


description:
Settings adjacent to edges of confined glacier.


description:
Earth surface setting with geography defined by spatial relationship to glaciers (e.g. on top of a glacier, next to a glacier, in front of a glacier...). Processes related to moving ice dominate sediment transport and deposition and landform development.


description:
Region of sediment deposition at the glacier terminus due to melting of glacier ice, melt-out, ablation and flow till setting.


description:
A setting influenced by glacial meltwater streams. This setting can be sub- en-, supra- and proglacial.


description:
Ice margin lakes and other lakes related to glaciers. Where meltwater streams enter the lake, sands and gravels are deposited in deltas. At the lake floor, typivally rhythmites (varves) are deposited.Ice margin lakes and other lakes related to glaciers.


description:
A marine environment influenced by glaciers. Dropstone diamictons and dropstone muds are typical deposits in this environment.


description:
An elongate trough or basin, bounded on both sides by high-angle normal faults that dip toward one another. It is a structual form that may or may not be geomorphologically expressed as a rift valley.


description:
The deepest oceanic environment, i.e., over 6,000 m in depth. Always in deep sea trench.


description:
A elongate , asymmetric trough or basin bounded on one side by a normal fault.


name:
high pressure low temperature Earth interior setting

description:
High pressure environment characterized by geothermal gradient significantly lower than standard continental geotherm; environment in which blueschist facies metamorphic rocks form. Typically associated with subduction zones.


description:
Earth surface setting characterized by surface slope angles high enough that gravity alone becomes a significant factor in geomorphic development, as well as base-of-slope areas influenced by hillslope processes. Hillslope activities include creep, sliding, slumping, falling, and other downslope movements caused by slope collapse induced by gravitational influence on earth materials. May be subaerial or subaqueous.


description:
Tectonic setting in the internal part of an orogenic belt, characterized by plastic deformation of rocks accompanied by significant metamorphism, typically involving crystalline basement rocks. Typically denotes the most structurally thickened part of an orogenic belt, between a magmatic arc or collision zone and a more 'external' foreland setting.


description:
Setting in a zone of high heat flow from the mantle. Typically identified in intraplate settings, but hot spot may also interact with active plate margins (Iceland...). Includes surface manifestations like volcanic center, but also includes crust and mantle manifestations as well.


description:
Setting with seasonal climate having hot to cold or humid to arid seasons.


description:
Setting with hot, humid climate influenced by equatorial air masses, no winter season.


description:
Igneous environment close to the Earth's surface, characterized by more rapid cooling than plutonic setting to produce generally fine-grained intrusive igneous rock that is commonly associated with co-magmatic volcanic rocks.


description:
Setting on oceanic crust formed at a spreading center that has been abandoned.


description:
The ocean environment at depths between low tide level and 30 metres.


description:
A pronounced indentation of the delta front between advancing stream distributaries, occupied by shallow water, and either open to the sea or partly enclosed by minor distributaries.


description:
Pertaining to the benthic ocean environment or depth zone between high water and low water; also, pertaining to the organisms of that environment.


description:
A basin formed within the interior region  of a continent, away from plate boundaries.


description:
The low, nearly flat, alluvial tract of land at or near the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or fan-shaped plain of considerable area, crossed by many distributaries of the main river, perhaps extending beyond the general trend of the lake shore, resulting from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river in such quantities that it is not removed by waves or currents. Most deltas are partly subaerial and partly below water.


description:
Setting associated with a lake. Always overlaps with terrestrial, may overlap with subaerial, subaqueous, or shoreline.


description:
A shallow stretch of salt or brackish water, partly or completely separated from a sea or lake by an offshore reef, barrier island, sand or spit (Jackson, 1997). Water is shallow, tidal and wave-produced effects on sediments; strong light reaches sediment.


description:
Human influence setting making land capable of more intensive use by changing its general character, as by drainage of excessively wet land, irrigation of arid or semiarid land; or recovery of submerged land from seas, lakes and rivers, restoration after human-induced degradation by removing toxic substances.


description:
Settings characterized by very low surface slope and proximity to shoreline. Generally within peritidal setting, but characterized by low surface gradients and generally low-energy sedimentary processes.


description:
The ocean environment at depths between 1000 and 3500 metres.


description:
Continental crustal setting characterized by upper amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism, in situ melting, residual anhydrous metamorphic rocks, and ductile flow of rock bodies.


description:
The part of a delta plain which is penetrated by saline water and is subject to tidal processes.


description:
That part of the mantle that lies below a depth of about 660 km. With increasing depth, density increases from ~4.4 g/cm3 to ~5.6 g/cm3, and velocity of compressional seismic waves increases from ~10.7 km/s to ~13.7 km/s (Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981).


description:
Setting characterized by dominantly intrusive mafic rocks, with sheeted dike complexes in upper part and gabbroic to ultramafic intrusive or metamorphic rocks in lower part.


description:
Setting characterized by temperatures significantly higher that those associated with normal continental geothermal gradient.


description:
The zone of the Earth below the crust and above the core, which is divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle, with a transition zone separating them.


description:
Setting characterized by arid to semi-arid conditions on restricted coastal plains mostly above normal high tide level, with evaporite-saline mineral, tidal-flood, and eolian deposits. Boundaries with intertidal setting and non-tidal terrestrial setting are gradational. (Jackson, 1997, p. 561).


description:
A shallow submerged plateau separated from continental landmasses, on which high biological carbonate production rates produce enough sediment to maintain the platform surface near sea level. Grades into atoll as area becomes smaller and ringing coral reefs become more prominent part of the setting.


description:
Setting characterized by location under the surface of the sea.


description:
Produced by a mature stream swinging from side to side as it flows across its floodplain or shifts its course laterally toward the convex side of an original curve.


description:
Spreading center at which the opening rate is between 50 and 100 mm per year.


description:
The ocean environment at water depths between 600 and 1000 metres.


description:
Continental crustal setting characterized by greenschist to upper amphibolite facies metamorphism, plutonic igneous rocks, and ductile deformation.


description:
The ocean environment at depths between 30 and 100 metres.


description:
Ocean highland associated with a divergent continental margin (spreading center). Setting is characterized by active volcanism, locally steep relief, hydrothermal activity, and pelagic sedimentation.


description:
Human influence setting in which mineral resources are extracted from the ground.


description:
A relatively level area of fine grained material (e.g. silt) along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary or chenier-plain) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide or covered by shallow water, and barren of vegetation. Includes most tidal flats, but lacks denotation of tidal influence.


description:
The ocean environment at depths between low-tide level and 200 metres, or between low-tide level and approximately the edge of the continental shelf.


description:
Broad category for subaqueous marine settings characterized by significant relief above adjacent sea floor.


description:
That type of the Earth's crust which underlies the ocean basins. The oceanic crust is 5-10 km thick; it has a density of 2.9 g/cm3, and compressional seismic-wave velocities travelling through it at 4-7.2 km/sec. Setting in crust produced by submarine volcanism at a mid ocean ridge.


description:
Region of elevated ocean crust that commonly rises to within 2-3 km of the surface above an abyssal sea floor that lies several km deeper. Climate and water depths are such that a marine carbonate platform does not develop.


description:
The ocean environment at depths between 100 meters and approximately the edge of the continental shelf or between 100 and 200 meters.


description:
Boundary of continental crust into oceanic crust of an oceanic basin that is not a subduction zone or transform fault system. Generally is rifted margin formed when ocean basin was initially formed.


description:
A gently sloping erosional surface developed at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope. The surface may be essentially bare, exposing earth material that extends beneath adjacent uplands; or it may be thinly mantled with alluvium and colluvium, ultimately in transit from upland front to basin or valley lowland. In hill-foot slope terrain the mantle is designated "pedisediment." The term has been used in several geomorphic contexts: Pediments may be classed with respect to (a) landscape positions, for example, intermontane-basin piedmont or valley-border footslope surfaces (respectively, apron and terrace pediments (Cooke and Warren, 1973)); (b) type of material eroded, bedrock or regolith; or (c) combinations of the above. compare - Piedmont slope.


description:
Location on gentle slope at the foot of a mountain; generally used in terms of intermontane-basin terrain. Main components include: (a) An erosional surface on bedrock adjacent to the receding mountain front (pediment, rock pediment); (b) A constructional surface comprising individual alluvial fans and interfan valleys, also near the mountain front; and (c) A distal complex of coalescent fans (bajada), and alluvial slopes without fan form. Piedmont slopes grade to basin-floor depressions with alluvial and temporary lake plains or to surfaces associated with through drainage.


description:
Tectonic setting at the boundary between two tectonic plates.


description:
Tectonic setting where new oceanic crust is being or has been formed at a divergent plate boundary. Includes active and inactive spreading centers.


description:
The usually dry and nearly level plain that occupies the lowest parts of closed depressions, such as those occurring on intermontane basin floors. Temporary flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation-runoff events.


description:
Setting with climate dominated by temperatures below the freezing temperature of water. Includes polar deserts because precipitation is generally scant at high latitude. Climatically controlled by arctic air masses, cold dry environment with short summer.


description:
The part of a delta that is below the effective depth of wave erosion, lying beyond the delta front, and sloping gently down to the floor of the basin into which the delta is advancing and where clastic river sediment ceases to be a significant part of the basin-floor deposits; it is entirely below the water level.


description:
Immediately in front of or just beyond the outer limits of a glacier or ice sheet, generally at or near its lower end; said of lakes, streams, deposits, and other features produced by or derived from the glacier ice.


description:
A stony platform of reef rock, landward of the reef crest at or above the low tide level, occasionally with patches of living coral and associated organisms, and commonly strewn with coral fragments and coral sand.


description:
Metamorphism not obviously localized along contacts of igneous bodies; includes burial metamorphism and ocean ridge metamorphism.


description:
The bed where a natural body of surface water flows or may flow; a natural passageway or depression of perceptible extent containing continuously or periodically flowing water, or forming a connecting link between two bodies of water; a watercourse.


description:
Geologic setting dominated by a river system; river plains may occur in any climatic setting. Includes active channels, abandoned channels, levees, oxbow lakes, flood plain. May be part of an alluvial plain that includes terraces composed of abandoned river plain deposits.


description:
Shoreline with significant relief and abundant rock outcrop.


description:
A small, undrained, shallow depression in which water accumulates and evaporates, leaving a salt deposit.


description:
A sand-covered plain dominated by aeolian processes.


description:
Setting that consists of a conical mountain on the ocean floor (guyot). Typically characterized by active volcanism, pelagic sedimentation. If the mountain is high enough to reach the photic zone, carbonate production may result in reef building to produce a carbonate platform or atoll setting.


description:
Geologic settings characterized by location adjacent to the ocean or a lake. A zone of indefinite width (may be many kilometers), bordering a body of water that extends from the water line inland to the first major change in landform features. Includes settings that may be subaerial, intermittently subaqueous, or shallow subaqueous, but are intrinsically associated with the interface between land areas and water bodies.


description:
The part of a subaqueous basin that is between a bordering shelf setting, which separate the basin from an adjacent landmass, and a very low-relief basin plain setting.


description:
Spreading center at which the opening rate is less than 50 mm per year.


description:
Setting characterized by a place where groundwater flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a water body.


description:
A prograded shore built seaward by waves and currents, and continuous for some distance along the coast. It is characterized by subparallel beach ridges and swales, in places with associated dunes.


description:
Setting at the interface between the solid earth and the atmosphere, includes some shallow subaqueous settings in river channels and playas. Characterized by conditions and processes, such as erosion, that exist or operate in the open air on or immediately adjacent to the land surface.


description:
Setting situated in or under permanent, standing water. Used for marine and lacustrine settings, but not for fluvial settings.


description:
Tectonic setting at which a tectonic plate, usually oceanic, is moving down into the mantle beneath another overriding plate.


description:
Formed or accumulated in or by the bottom parts of a glacier or ice sheet; said of meltwater streams, till, moraine, etc.


description:
Large fan-shaped cones of sediment on the ocean floor, generally associated with submarine canyons that provide sediment supply to build the fan.


description:
"Carried upon, deposited from, or pertaining to the top surface of a glacier or ice sheet; said of meltwater streams, till, drift, etc. " (Jackson, 1997, p. 639). Dreimanis (1988, p. 39) recommendation that "supraglacial" supersede "superglacial" is followed.


description:
Pertaining to the shore area marginal to the littoral zone, just above high-tide level.


description:
A water-saturated, periodically wet or continually flooded area with the surface not deeply submerged, essentially without the formation of peat. Marshes are characterized by sedges, cattails, rushes, or other aquatic and grasslike vegetation. Swamps are characterized by tree and brush vegetation.


description:
Setting characterized by absence of direct marine influence. Most of the subaerial settings are also terrestrial, but lacustrine settings, while terrestrial, are not subaerial, so the subaerial settings are not included as subcategories.


description:
A major channel followed by the tidal currents, extending from offshore into a tidal marsh or a tidal flat.


description:
An extensive, nearly horizontal, barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit.


description:
A marsh bordering a coast (as in a shallow lagoon or sheltered bay), formed of mud and of the resistant mat of roots of salt-tolerant plants, and regularly inundated during high tides; a marshy tidal flat.


description:
Plate boundary at which the adjacent plates are moving laterally relative to each other.


description:
Crust formed in the transition zone between continental and oceanic crust, during the history of continental rifting that culminates in the formation of a new ocean.


description:
Setting characterized by pressures characteristic of upper mantle, but indicated by mineral assemblage in crustal composition rocks.


description:
The ocean environment at water depths between 200 and 600 metres.


description:
Continental crustal setting dominated by non metamorphosed to low greenschist facies metamorphic rocks, and brittle deformation.


description:
The part of a delta plain essentially unaffected by basinal processes. They do not differ substantially from alluvial environments except that areas of swamp, marsh and lakes are usually more widespread and channels may bifurcate downstream.


description:
That part of the mantle which lies above a depth of about 660 km and has a density of 3.4 g/cm3 to 4.0 g/cm3 with increasing depth. Similarly, P-wave velocity increases from about 8 to 11 km/sec with depth and S wave velocity increases from about 4.5 to 6 km/sec with depth. It is presumed to be peridotitic in composition. It includes the subcrustal lithosphere the asthenosphere and the transition zone.


description:
Oceanic crustal setting dominated by extrusive rocks, abyssal oceanic sediment, with increasing mafic intrusive rock in lower part.


description:
A generally curvillinear belt of volcanoes above a subduction zone.


name:
waste and material deposition area setting

description:
Human influence setting in which non-natural or natural materials from elsewhere are deposited.


description:
Setting characterized by gentle surface slope, and at least intermittent presence of standing water, which may be fresh, brackish, or saline. Wetland may be terrestrial setting or shoreline setting.


description:
A Wet to sub-humid climate is according Thornthwaite's climate classification system associated with rain forests (wet), forests (humid) and grassland (sub-humid).


# public_eventprocesstype

description:
The impact of an extraterrestrial body on the surface of the earth.


description:
Process of removal of oxygen from from the deep part of a body of water.


description:
Movement of rock bodies by displacement on fault or shear zones, or change in shape of a body of earth material.


description:
Any chemical, physical, or biological process that affects a sedimentary earth material after initial deposition, and during or after lithification, exclusive of weathering and metamorphism.


description:
Process of disappearance of a species or higher taxon, so that it no longer exists anywhere or in the subsequent fossil record.


description:
Process that results in change in Earth's magnetic field.


description:
Processes of human modification of the earth to produce geologic features.


description:
A process involving melted rock (magma).


description:
Mineralogical, chemical, and structural adjustment of solid rocks to physical and chemical conditions that differ from the conditions under which the rocks in question originated, and are generally been imposed at depth, below the surface zones of weathering and cementation.


description:
Process of mean sea level changing relative to some datum.


description:
A phenomenon that changes the distribution or physical properties of sediment at or near the earth's surface.


description:
Process that results inappearance of new species.


description:
Processes related to the interaction between or deformation of rigid plates forming the crust of the Earth.


description:
The process or group of processes by which earth materials exposed to atmospheric agents at or near the Earth's surface are changed in color, texture, composition, firmness, or form, with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material. Processes typically include oxidation, hydration, and leaching of soluble constituents.


description:
The addition of material to a continent. Typically involves convergent or transform motion.


description:
General term for any change in the mineralogical or chemical composition of a rock. Typically related to interaction with hydrous fluids.


description:
the deposition of minerals from solution by the agency of organisms


description:
breakdown of rocks by biological agents, e.g. the penetrating and expanding force of roots, the presence of moss and lichen causing humic acids to be retained in contact with rock, and the work of animals (worms, moles, rabbits) in modifying surface soil


description:
covering of the surface with a material liquid during processing and solidifying afterwards


description:
The deposition of mineral matter by precipitation from solution or as a result of chemical reactions. May be sedimentary or hydrothermal.


description:
The process of weathering by which chemical reactions (hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation, carbonation, ion exchange, and solution) transform rocks and minerals into new chemical combinations that are stable under conditions prevailing at or near the Earth's surface; e.g. the alteration of orthoclase to kaolinite.


description:
the impact of a comet on the surface of the earth


description:
Metamorphism taking place in rocks at or near their contact with a genetically related body of igneous rock


description:
Fragmentation of a continental plate into two or more smaller plates; may involve rifting or strike slip faulting.


description:
The amalgamation of two continental plates or blocks along a convergent margin.


description:
A collective term to describe the stirring and churning of unconsolidated material resulting from frost action


description:
Laminar high-concentration, generally cohesionless deposition process. Flow types included liquefied flow, fluidized flow, grain flow, traction carpet or modified grain flow.


description:
mixing of loose surface material by ploughing deeper than frequently done during annual soil cultivation


description:
Deformation of a crystal by gliding to produce crystallographic twinning.


description:
process of non-linear, grain-size selective erosion


description:
Accumulation of material; the constructive process of accumulation of sedimentary particles, chemical precipitation of mineral matter from solution, or the accumulation of organicMaterial on the death of plants and animals.


description:
Deposition of sediment from ice by melting or pushing. The material has been transported in the ice after entrainment in the moving ice or after deposition from other moving fluids on the ice.


description:
Deposition of sediment from air, in which the sediment has been transported after entrainment in the moving air.


description:
Deposition of sediment from moving water or air, in which the sediment is transported by entrainment in the moving fluid. Constrast with debris flow or turbidity current deposition in which movement of fluid/sediment mixture is due to incorporation of sediment in fluid.


description:
Deposition of sediment from water, in which the sediment has been transported after entrainment in the moving water or after deposition from other moving fluids.


description:
Grain-scale, ductile deformation accomplished by the motion of atoms through crystals, along grain boundaries, and through pore fluids.


description:
repeated mixing of loose surface material by digging with a spade or similar tool


description:
Metamorphism concentrated along narrow belts of shearing or crushing without an appreciable rise in temperature


description:
The process of dissolving into a homogenous solution, as when an acidic solution dissolves limestone. In karst, refers to the process of dissolving rock to produce landforms, in contrast to solution, the chemical product of dissolution.


description:
Deformation by dissolution under the effects of differential stress and its transport to a new location by movement of fluid in the rock body.


description:
deformation without apparent loss of continuity at the scale of observation.


description:
heaping of mostly solid material, as in a land fill, mine dump, dredging operations


description:
Eruptions characterized by low volatile content of the erupting magma relative to ambient pressure


description:
The process of disaggregation of rock and displacement of the resultant particles (sediment) usually by the agents of currents such as, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of bioerosion).


description:
The ejection of volcanic materials (lava, pyroclasts, and volcanic gases) onto the Earth's surface, either from a central vent or from a fissure or group of fissures


description:
removal of material, as in a mining operation


description:
The process of fracturing, frictional slip, and displacement accumulation that produces a fault


description:
deformation in which planar surfaces become regularly curviplanar surfaces with definable limbs (zones of lower curvature) and hinges (zones of higher curvature).


description:
The formation of a surface of failure resulting from stress


description:
Propagation of fractures due to expansion of freezing water in intergranular spaces and fractures in a rock body. Result is mechanical disintegration spliitting, or breakup of rock.


description:
process that effects the geologic record


description:
leveling of earth surface by rearrangement of prexisting material


description:
propagation of fractures in rock due to crytallization of mineral salts (typically sodium chloride) from interstitial water, or volumetrick expansion of salts in capillaries, or hydration pressure of interstitial, trapped salts. Generally results in mechanical disintegration of the rock surface.


description:
Eruption in which great quantities of extremely fluid basaltic lava are poured out, mainly issuing in lava fountains from fissures on the flanks of a volcano. Explosive phenomena are rare, but much spatter and scoria are piled into cones and mounds along the vents. Characteristic of shield volcanoes


description:
The process of absorption of water into the crystal structure of a mineral, thereby changing its volume and fracturing and loosening grains


description:
A decomposition reaction involving water. In geology, it commonly indicates reaction between silicate minerals and either pure water or aqueous solution. In such reactions, H


description:
Erosion by corrasion or plucking by moving ice.


description:
accumulation of dead organicMaterial originating from the plants, e.g. peat accumulation in bogs


description:
The process of emplacement of magma in pre-existing rock


description:
The process by which matter becomes crystalline, from a gaseous, fluid, or dispersed state


description:
the dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct application of gravitational body stresses. In contrast to other erosion processes, the debris removed by mass wasting is not carried within, on, or under another medium. The mass properties of the material being transported depend on the interaction of the soil and rock particles and on the moisture content.


description:
A general term for the dislodgement and downslope transport of soil and rock material under the direct application of gravitational body stresses. In contrast to other erosion processes, the debris removed by mass wasting is not carried within, on, or under another medium. The mass properties of the material being transported depend on the interaction of the soil and rock particles and on the moisture content. Mass wasting includes slow displacements, such as creep and solifluction, and rapid movements such as rockfalls, rockslides, and cohesive debris flows (Jackson, 1997, p. 392). Includes both subaerial mass-wasting processes and subaqueous mass-wasting processes.


description:
transport and heaping of material, as in a land fill, mine dump, dredging operations


description:
process by which material that is being transported as particles by moving air, water, ice, or other fluid comes to rest and accumulates.


description:
change of state from a solid to a liquid


description:
the impact of a meteorite on the surface of the earth


description:
Development of fractures within a single grain or cutting several grains.


description:
The overthrusting of continental crust by oceanic crust or mantle rocks at a convergent plate boundary.


description:
sediment accumulation of biologically produced organicMaterial, as in bog, coal swamps.


description:
Chemical reaction that involve stripping of electrons from cations. Typicall reactions include converting sulfide minerals to oxide minerals, or increasing the oxidation state of cations in existing oxide minerals. The most commonly observed is the oxidation of Fe


description:
Process of melting involving only some of the mineral phases in a rock, to produce a mixture of melt and residual particles.


description:
The process of weathering by which frost action, salt-crystal growth, absorption of water, and other physical processes break down a rock to fragments, involving no chemical change


description:
An explosive eruption in which a steady, turbulent stream of fragmented magma and magmatic gas is released at a high velocity from a vent. Large volumes of tephra and tall eruption columns are characteristic


description:
process of migration of the axis of the earth's dipole field relative to the rotation axis of the Earth.


description:
propagation of fractures near the surface of solid rock due to expansion related to release of confining pressure when deeply buried rock is unroofed. Fractures typically propagate along surfaces close to and subparallel to the surface of the outcrop.


description:
Eruption produced by the generation and rapid expansion of a gas phase that disrupts magma, surrounding wall rock or sediment


description:
near-range transport by water with predominantly changing the inner physical organisation of the sediment particles


description:
Extension of the crust to form one or more long, narrow graben of regional extent.


description:
process of mean sea level falling relative to some datum


description:
process of mean sea level rising relative to some datum


description:
covering of the surface with a non-liquid material not or little permeable for water after processing


description:
A deformation in which contiguous parts of a body are displaced relatively to each other in a direction parallel to a surface. The surface may be a discrete fault, or the deformation may be a penetrative strain and the shear surface is a geometric abstraction.


description:
A process whereby new oceanic crust is formed by upwelling of magma at the center of mid-ocean ridges and by a moving-away of the new material from the site of upwelling at rates of one to ten centimeters per year.


description:
Eruption characterized by jetting of clots or fountains of fluid, basaltic lava from a central crater


description:
The process of one lithospheric plate descending beneath another


description:
propagation of fractures near the surface of solid rock due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes. Fractures typically propagate along surfaces close to and subparallel to the surface of the outcrop.


description:
A strike-slip fault that links two other faults or two other plate boundaries (e.g. two segments of a mid-ocean ridge). Transform faults often exhibit characteristics that distinguish them from transcurrent faults: (1) For transform faults formed at the same time as the faults they link, slip on the transform fault has equal magnitude at all points along the transform; slip magnitude on the transform fault can exceed the length of the transform fault, and slip does not decrease to zero at the fault termini. (2) For transform faults linking two similar features, e.g. if two mid-ocean ridge segments linked by a transform have equal spreading rates, then the length of the transform does not change as slip accrues on it.


description:
Deposition from a turbulent, low concentration sediment-water mixture.


description:
Eruption characterized by the explosive ejection of fragments of new lava, commonly incandescent when they leave the vent but either solid or too viscous to assume any appreciable degree of rounding during their flight through the air. With these there are often breadcrust bombs or blocks, and generally large proportions of ash


description:
Erosion by clast impact or plucking by moving liquid water


description:
Erosion by clast impact or plucking by moving air (wind)


# public_explorationactivitytypetype

description:
Rough evaluation of the tonnage and grade essentially based on drill holes information, by correlation and interpolation of intersected mineralized sections.


description:
Drilling of a cylindrical hole with an ad hoc tool in order to collect a rock sample, or to carry out a physical measurement or a geological observation. By extension, designates also the drill hole, whatever the latter's purpose. In this case drilling is performed by means of an auger, i.e. with a helical screw which is driven into the ground with rotation.


description:
Drilling in order to collect intact rock sample cores, or to carry out a physical measurement or a geological observation. Can confirm results from obtained from percussion drilling.


description:
Drilling of a cylindrical hole with an ad hoc tool in order to collect a rock sample, or to carry out a physical measurement or a geological observation. By extension, designates also the drill hole, whatever the latter's purpose. Boreholes are drilled by coring. This technique is used to collect undisturbed rock cylinders and allows to confirm/to precise results from percussion drilling.


description:
The evaluation of the ore deposit with the aim of getting very detailed information on the whole deposit and best quality samples. This the final phase of evaluation leading to the final yes/no mining decision


description:
Detailed surveys (often on a grid) with the most appropriate method, in order to confirm and better delineate and characterize geochemical anomalies identified during the previous phase.


description:
Detailed geological mapping of the area(s) of interest.


description:
Detailed surveys (often on a grid) with the most appropriate method, in order to confirm and better delineate and characterize geophysical anomalies identified during the previous phase.


description:
Detail prospecting in a local scale with a hand-held washing tool, usually shaped like a plate or a flat cone, at the bottom of which the densest fractions of a soil, a stream sediment are collected.


description:
Detailed surface exploration to delineate anomalies and describe occurrences in their refined geological context.


description:
This the final phase of evaluation leading to the final yes/no mining decision.


description:
Shallow ditch from which a sample can be taken and a geological observation made.


description:
Technical economic study aimed at assessing the possibility to launching a mine venture.


description:
Compilation and synthesis of all the available geological information in order to get an as precise as possible model of the mineral resource.


description:
Technique based on probability theory that is used to compute regionalized variables, the values of which depend on their position in space, such as the metal content or grade in a deposit.


description:
Reconnaissance workings aimed at getting a better understanding of the deposit, and allowing to get large ore samples for detailed beneficiation tests.


description:
Intermediate phase between laboratory tests and actual plant.


description:
Technique designed to treat run of mine material.


description:
Drilling of a cylindrical hole with an ad hoc tool in order to collect a rock sample, or to carry out a physical measurement or a geological observation. By extension, designates also the drill hole, whatever the latter's purpose. In this case, drilling is performed with a percussion tool.


description:
The assessment of the resource using percussion drilling, sometimes on a grid with a wide mesh. The aim of this phase is the (still rough) delineation of the envelope of an orebody. Drill logging, sampling of mineralized sections to better understand the distinctive features of the deposit, the physical properties of the ore, and finally to lead to a first (still approximate) calculation of the resource.


description:
The detection of abnormal concentrations of chemical elements in superficial water, soils or organisms, usually accomplished by instrumental, spot-test, or rapid techniques which are applicable in the field.


description:
Drafting of a very preliminary geological map with the main formations and the main structures, including the location of discovered mineral showings.


description:
Exploration technique based on the detection of anomalous physical characteristics of a ground.


description:
Prospecting with a hand-held washing tool, usually shaped like a plate or a flat cone, at the bottom of which the densest fractions of a soil, a stream sediment are collected.


description:
Regional investigation to identify anomalies (geochemical, geophysical, mineralogical) and discover occurrences.


description:
The aim of this phase is the (still rough) delineation of the envelope of an orebody. Logging of cores, sampling of mineralized sections to better understand the distinctive features of the deposit, the physical properties of the ore, and finally to lead to a first (still approximate) calculation of the resource.


description:
Subsurface exploration using the low costs techniques (trenching, destructive drilling, etc.), of resources appraisal.


# public_explorationresulttype

description:
Identification of possible markers of a mineralized area.


description:
Anomaly or anomalous area which geophysical or geochemical properties are different from areas around and which might indicate the presence of a mineralizing process in the vicinity.


description:
Identification of particular minerals which may indicate a possible mineralized area or accompany a mineralizing process.


description:
A detailed map with location of all the mineralized occurrences whatever their size and representation of their relationships with lithology, structures, alteration zones, anomalous areas, sampling analysis results.structuredAnomalies


description:
The first attempts to see (removal of overburdens, trenching) or to intercept (auger, subsurface percussion drilling), and to sample primary mineralization.


description:
Technical economic study aimed at assessing the possibility to launching a mine venture. industrialTest


# public_formtype

description:
A concordant or nearly concordant mineral deposit lies parallel or nearly parallel to wallrocks contacts or internal structures (bedding, foliation, etc.)


description:
A body of mineralisation confined to a single stratigraphic unit.  A stratabound deposit may contain discordant internal structures (eg, brecciation)


description:
A type of stratabound mineral deposit that is strictly coextensive with one or more sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous layers


description:
A mineral deposit which crosscuts stratigraphic contacts or internal structures (eg, bedding, foliation) within its host rocks (eg, vein, reef, mass, lens, pipe, column, etc.)


description:
A subconcordant body in some places lies parallel to, and in other places crosscuts, wallrock contacts or internal structures (eg, bedding, foliation)


description:
The form of the mineral deposit is controlled by an igneous intrusive contact


description:
The mineral deposit is hosted within a fault or shear zone.


description:
The form of the mineral deposit has been significantly modified by post-mineralization structural modification.


description:
A mineral deposit whose location and form are related to an unconformity between sedimentary host rocks


description:
A mineral deposit forming a surficial layer in or on its host rocks


# public_geneticcategorytype

description:
Formation predominantly by human activity.


description:
Formation predominantly by deposition of material produced by living organisms either as part of their body (e.g., exoskeleton, bone, pollen, wood) or through their activities (e.g., faecal pellets).


description:
Formation predominantly by brittle deformation, i.e. the formation and growth of fractures and frictional sliding along fracture surfaces.


description:
Formation predominantly by direct chemical precipitation (e.g., evaporites, exhalative deposits).


description:
Formation predominantly by accumulation of particles (clasts) derived by weathering, erosion, or fragmentation of pre-existing rock or produced by chemical or biologically-mediated precipitation.


description:
Formation in which more than one genetic process is dominant. This usually involves some combination of igneous, weathering, sedimentary, metamorphic, deformation or impact-related processes that better represents the origin of the material


description:
Formation predominantly by metamorphism due to the effect of a magma body on the rocks it intrudes.


description:
Formation predominantly by strain-related processes resulting in changes of shape of a rock body, including folding, faulting, shearing, or fabric development, deformation may be either brittle or ductile. Local deformation metamorphic genesis related to a particular fault or shear zone is categorized as 'Dislocation metamorphic genesis'


description:
Formation predominantly by chemical and physical changes subsequent to deposition of sediment, during and after lithification that occur under temperature and pressure conditions too low to be considered metamorphic.


description:
Formation predominantly by metamorphism of local extent associated with fault zones or shear zones. 'Dislocation metamorphic genesis' is 'Deformation genesis' of local extent, explicitly associated with a particular fault or shear zone.


description:
Formation predominantly by deformation without loss of material continuity at the scale of observation.


description:
Formed by crystallisation close to the Earth's surface, characterized by more rapid cooling than plutonic setting to produce generally fine-grained intrusive igneous rock, commonly associated with co-magmatic volcanic rocks.


description:
Formation predominantly by crystallisation of magma at or immediately adjacent to Earth's surface.


description:
Formation predominantly by crystallisation from magma


description:
Formation predominantly by crystallisation of magma within the Earth.


description:
Formation by a combination of igneous and sedimentary processes


description:
Formation predominantly by metamorphism related to the passage of a shock wave through a body of material, typically the result of impact of a planetary body (impactor) on a planetary surface (target)


description:
Formation predominantly by metamorphism that may be attributed to a localized cause, such as magmatic intrusion, faulting, metorite impact, combustion of naturally occuring substances (coal), or lightning.


description:
Formation by metamorphism of an igneous protolith


description:
Formation predominantly by closed-system changes in mineralogy, texture, or fabric of a rock in response to chemical and physical conditions that have been imposed below the surface zones of weathering and cementation (diagenesis), and that differ from the conditions under which the rocks in question originated. As defined here the changes in rock volume may include removal of some chemical constituents from the system (especially water and other volatile constituents). Note narrower use that Neuendorf et al. 2005, this vocabulary distinguishes metasomatism from metamorphism.


name:
metamorphic metasomatic or hydrothermal genesis

description:
Formation predominantly by changes in chemical, mineralogical, or structural properties of rocks in response to chemical and physical conditions that have been imposed below the surface zones of weathering and cementation (diagenesis), and that differ from the conditions under which the rocks in question originated.


description:
Formation by metamorphism of a plutonic igneous protolith.


description:
Formation by metamorphism of a sedimentary protolith.


description:
Formation predominantly by open-system changes in chemical composition by reaction with an external source, typically involving chemical transport by a fluid medium flowing through the rock. Metasomatism typically involves introduction of chemical constituents into a rock volume.


description:
Formation by metamorphism of an extrusive igneous protolith.


description:
Formation predominantly by crystallisation of magma far enough below Earth surface that complete crystallization of magma bodies forms holocrystalline medium to coarse grained igneous rock, wall rocks generally do not include volcanic products related to the magma, and some contact metamorphism is developed at intrusive contacts.


description:
Formation predominantly by metamorphic processes affecting a large rock volume, associated with large-scale tectonic processes.


description:
Formation predominantly by processes of erosion, mass wasting, transportation, deposition, precipitation and biogenic production that take place in Earth’s hydrosphere and atmosphere.


description:
Formation predominantly by crystallisation of magma either in the open air or immediately adjacent to the land surface.


description:
Formation predominantly by crystallisation of magma under water or ice.


description:
Formation by a combination of extrusive igneous activity and sedimentary transport and deposition.


description:
Formation predominantly by the physical, chemical or biological alteration of rock or sediment at or near the Earth surface, connotes involvement of processes related to the atmosphere (weather...).


# public_lineardirectedtype

description:
Indicates that the linear orientation is directed


description:
Indicates that the linear orientation is directed below the horizon


description:
Indicates that the linear orientation is directed above the horizon


# public_lithologytype

description:
Igneous material with more than 63 percent SiO2.


description:
Igneous rock with more than 63 percent SiO2.


description:
Granitic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF field 2.


description:
Rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.1. QAPF field 2.


description:
Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6.


description:
Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, 6*, and 6'.


description:
Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1, between 0 and 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 6.


description:
Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, 6', and 6*.


description:
Alkali olivine basalt is silica-undersaturated, characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene, absence of quartz, presence of olivine, and typically contains some feldspathoid mineral, alkali feldspar or phlogopite in the groundmass. Feldspar phenocrysts typically are labradorite to andesine in composition. Augite is rich in titanium compared to augite in tholeiitic basalt. Alkali olivine basalt is relatively rich in sodium.


description:
Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite), which combined form 75 percent or more of the rock, and both of which are present as major constituents. The amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total mafic constituents and is present in an amount of 30 percent or more; other common minerals include quartz, clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote-group minerals, biotite, titanite and scapolite.


description:
Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock.


description:
Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10.


description:
Leucocratic phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, often with small amounts of pyroxene. By definition, colour index M is less than 10, and plagiclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10, 10*, and 10'.


description:
Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Less than 12-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free), greater than 91 percent fixed carbon (dry, ash free basis). The highest rank coal; very hard, glossy, black, with semimetallic luster, semi conchoidal fracture.


description:
Consolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin.


description:
Material known to have artificial (human-related) origin; insufficient information to classify in more detail.


description:
Unconsolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin.


description:
Rock that is too fine grained to categorize in more detail.


description:
Light coloured crystalline rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase.


description:
Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature.


description:
Tephra in which less than 25 percent of fragments are greater than 64 mm in longest dimension


description:
Tephra in which more than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes ash breccia, bomb tephra and block tephra of Gillespie and Styles (1999)


name:
ash tuff, lapillistone, and lapilli tuff

description:
Pyroclastic rock in which less than 25 percent of rock by volume are more than 64 mm in longest diameter. Includes tuff, lapilli tuff, and lapillistone.


description:
Gabbroic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 10 as gabbro.


description:
Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight.


description:
Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.


description:
Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with greater than 10 percent normative olivine.


description:
Igneous material with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2.


description:
Igneous rock with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2.


description:
Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite, less commonly boehmite, diaspore) and aluminium-substituted iron oxides or hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. Commonly has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented.


description:
Sediment composed of greater than 50 percent material of biogenic origin. Because the biogenic material may be skeletal remains that are not organic, all biogenic sediment is not necessarily organic-rich.


description:
Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by biological processes within the basin of deposition.


description:
A composite material composed primarily of bitumen and mineral aggregates, e.g. gravel


description:
Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 0.6% and less than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5), or has a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928). Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock; contains less than 91 percent fixed carbon on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, and greater than 13-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free). Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits.


description:
andesitic rock that contains more than 8 percent MgO. Typically consists of phenocrysts of protoenstatite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine in a glassy base full of crystallites, and exhibits textures characterisitc of rapid crystal growth.


description:
Sediment containing greater than 30 percent boulder-size particles (greater than 256 mm in diameter)


description:
Sedimentary carbonate rock with preserved biogenic texture, whose original components were bound and encrusted together during deposition by the action of plants and animals during deposition, and remained substantially in the position of growth.


description:
Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners.


description:
Fault material with features such as void spaces (filled or unfilled), or unconsolidated matrix material between fragments, indicating loss of cohesion during deformation. Includes fault-related breccia and gouge.


description:
Material of various size originating from broken down buildings or former road coatings


description:
Carbonate sediment with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments, limestone and dolomitic limestone.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone.


description:
Carbonate sediment composed of less than 25 percent clasts that have a maximum diameter more than 2 mm, and the ratio of sand size to mud size clasts is less than one.


description:
Mudstone that consists of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals of any origin in the mud size fraction.


description:
ooze that consists of more than 50 percent carbonate skeletal remains


description:
Mud size sediment that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in any size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified.


description:
Mudstone that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in the mud size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified.


description:
Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.


description:
Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.


description:
Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite, magnesite or dolomite.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible mud supported depositional texture and containing greater than 10 percent allochems, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin. If particles are not intrabasinal, categorization as a mudstone or wackestone should be considered.


description:
Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal carbonate minerals.


description:
Fault-related rock that maintained primary cohesion during deformation, with matrix comprising greater than 10 percent of rock mass; matrix is fine-grained material formed through grain size reduction by fracture as opposed to crystal plastic process that operate in mylonitic rock. Includes cataclasite, protocataclasite and ultracataclasite.


description:
A generally soft, white, very fine-grained, extremely pure, porous limestone. It forms under marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of skeletal elements from minute planktonic green algae (cocoliths), associated with varying proportions of larger microscopic fragments of bivalves, foraminifera and ostracods. It is common to find flint and chert nodules embedded in chalk.


description:
Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent material produced by inorganic chemical processes within the basin of deposition. Includes inorganic siliceous, carbonate, evaporite, iron-rich, and phosphatic sediment classes.


name:
chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rock

description:
Metamorphic rock characterized by 50 percent or more of combined chlorite, actinolite and epidote. Category for rocks generally named greenschist or greenstone.


description:
Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.


description:
Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.


description:
Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.


description:
Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent particles with grain size less than 0.004 mm


description:
Mudstone that contains no detectable silt, inferred to consist virtually entirely of clay-size particles.


description:
A consolidated organic sedimentary material having less than 75% moisture. This category includes low, medium, and high rank coals according to International Classification of In-Seam Coal (United Nations, 1998), thus including lignite. Sapropelic coal is not distinguished in this category from humic coals. Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits.


description:
Sediment containing greater than 30 percent cobble-size particles (64-256 mm in diameter)


description:
Material of unspecified consolidation state formed by geological modification of pre-existing materials outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes.


description:
Rock formed by geological modification of pre-existing rocks outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes.


description:
An Earth Material composed of an aggregation of particles of Earth Material, possibly including other Compound Materials.


description:
Hardening composite construction material composed primarily of coarse gravel, cement and water


description:
Clastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite.


description:
Carbonate rock of indeterminate mineralogy in which diagenetic processes have obliterated any original depositional texture.


description:
Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typcially composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite.


description:
Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sedimentary rock with a wide range of particle sizes including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. If more than 10 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wacke.


description:
Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sediment with a wide range of particle sizes, including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. Assignment to an other size class can be used in conjunction to indicate the dominant grain size.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite; colour index M less than 90, sodic plagioclase (An0-An50), no feldspathoid, and between 0 and 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 10 as diorite.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. A dioritoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio (in the QAPF fraction) greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 10, 10' and 10*.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions).


description:
Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite, microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro.


description:
Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.


name:
dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary material

description:
Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation degree with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolomite sediment, dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone.


description:
Carbonate sediment with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.


description:
Rock forming a hard crust or layer at or near the Earth's surface at the time of formation, e.g. in the upper horizons of a soil, characterized by structures indicative of pedogenic origin.


description:
Metamorphic rock composed of 75 percent or more (by volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them being higher than 75 percent (by volume); the presence of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite.


description:
Nonclastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 50 percent non-carbonate salts, including chloride, sulfate or borate minerals; formed through precipitation of mineral salts from a saline solution (non-carbonate salt rock).


description:
Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are potassic, mafic or ultramafic rocks. Olivine (commonly serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents.


description:
Rock with 'exotic' mineralogical, textural or field setting characteristics; typically dark colored, with abundant phenocrysts. Criteria include: presence of greater than 10 percent melilite or leucite, or presence of kalsilite, or greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals. Includes Carbonatite, Melilitic rock, Kalsilitic rocks, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Leucitic rock and Lamprophyres.


description:
Evaporite that is not 50 percent halite or 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite.


description:
Material formed as a result of brittle faulting, composed of greater than 10 percent matrix; matrix is fine-grained material caused by tectonic grainsize reduction.


description:
Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye; framework may include up to 50 percent glass. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Includes rocks that are generally called volcanic rocks.


description:
Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'.


description:
Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'.


description:
Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'.


description:
Dioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'.


description:
Gabbroic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid minerals and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'.


description:
Latitic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8'.


description:
Monzodioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral.


description:
Monzogabbroic rock that contains 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9'.


description:
Monzonitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8'.


description:
Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7'.


description:
Trachytic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction, and no quartz. QAPF field 7'.


description:
Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14.


description:
Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoids form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14.


description:
Foiditoid that contains greater than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction.


description:
Fine grained crystalline rock containing less than 90 percent mafic minerals and more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 or chemically in TAS field F.


description:
Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is between 0.1 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13.


description:
Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13.


description:
Foid syenitoid rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of between 0.1 and 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 12.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline rock containing more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15


description:
Foid syenitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 11.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12.


description:
Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Cataclastic or glassy character precludes classification with this concept.


description:
Igneous_material of unspecified consolidation state in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process.


description:
Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite)


description:
Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of colonies, shells or skeletons, with internal cavities filled with fine sediment; usually created through the activities of colonial organisms.


description:
Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10'. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions.


description:
Sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite.


description:
Sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin.


description:
Sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1.


description:
Igneous rock that contains greater than 50 percent massive glass.


description:
Igneous rock that consists of greater than 80 percent massive glass.


description:
A metamorphic rock of roughly basaltic composition, defined by the presence of glaucophane with lawsonite or epidote. Other minerals that may be present include jadeite, albite, chlorite, garnet, and muscovite (phengitic white mica). Typically fine-grained, dark colored. Category for rocks commonly referred to as blueschist.


description:
Foliated metamorphic rock with bands or lenticles rich in granular minerals alternating with bands or lenticles rich in minerals with a flaky or elongate prismatic habit. Mylonitic foliation or well developed, continuous schistosity (greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of grains participate in a planar or linear fabric) precludes classification with this concept.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary rock with recognizable depositional fabric that is grain-supported, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; contains little or no mud matrix. Distinction from sandstone is based on interpretation of intrabasinal origin of clasts and grain-supported fabric, but grainstone definition does not include a grain size criteria.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and/or plagioclase. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4.


description:
Metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric and very little or no foliation (less than 10 percent of the mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or linear fabric). Grainsize not specified.


description:
Metamorphic rock of high metamorphic grade in which Fe-Mg silicate minerals are dominantly hydroxl-free; feldspar must be present, and muscovite is absent; rock contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 75 percent calcite and/or dolomite, less than 75 percent quartz, less than 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), and less than 50 percent calc-silicate minerals.


description:
Clastic sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Gravel in which more than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin


description:
Sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Composition or gensis of clasts not specified.


description:
Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite.


name:
high magnesium fine grained igneous rock

description:
fine-grained igneous rock that contains unusually high concentration of MgO. For rocks that contain greater than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 8 percent. For rocks containing less than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 12 percent.


description:
Ultramafic rock that consists of greater than 40 percent hornblende plus pyroxene and has a hornblende to pyroxene ratio greater than 1. Includes olivine hornblendite, olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite, and hornblendite.


description:
Granofels formed by contact metamorphism, composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically fine grained.


description:
Sediment that does not fit any of the other sediment composition/genesis categories. Sediment consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material.


description:
Sedimentary rock that does not fit any of the other composition/genesis categories. Sedimentary rock consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material.


description:
Earth material formed as a result of igneous processes, e.g. intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, volcanic eruption.


description:
Rock formed as a result of igneous processes, for example intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, or volcanic eruption.


description:
Material that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones, interpreted to be the result of extraterrestrial bolide impact. Includes breccias and melt rocks.


description:
Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1.


description:
Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin.


description:
Sedimentary rock in which between 50 and 90 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of carbonate minerals.


description:
Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.


description:
Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and the ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.


description:
Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1.


description:
Igneous material with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2.


description:
Igneous rock with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2.


description:
Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.


description:
Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.


description:
Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.


description:
Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite or kalsilite. Typically undersaturated, ultrapotassic (kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic or ultramafic rocks.


description:
Ultramafic, magnesium-rich volcanic rock, typically with spinifex texture of intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass. Includes komatiite and meimechite.


description:
Latitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8.


description:
Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF fields 8, 8' and 8*.


description:
Coal that has a gross calorific value less than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928), and vitrinite mean random reflectance less than 0.6% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Gross calorific value is recalculated to a moist, ash free basis using bed moisture (determined according to ISO 1015 or ISO 5068). Includes all low-rank coals, including sub-bitiminous coal. A consolidated, dull, soft brown to black coal having many readily discernible plant fragments set in a finer grained organic matrix. Tends to crack and fall apart on drying. Operationally sub-bituminous and bitiminous coal are qualitatively distinguished based on brown streak for sub-bitiminous coal and black streak for bituminous coal.


description:
Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone.


description:
Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than 75 percent fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or dolomite; usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture.


name:
material formed in surficial environment

description:
Material that is the product of weathering processes operating on pre-existing rocks or deposits, analogous to hydrothermal or metasomatic rocks, but formed at ambient Earth surface temperature and pressure.


description:
Rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes to a pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress and chemical environment.


description:
Rock that has fabric and composition indicating open-system mineralogical and chemical changes in response to interaction with a fluid phase, typically water rich.


description:
A schist that consists of more than 50 percent mica minerals, typically muscovite or biotite. Special type included to distinguish this common variety of schist.


description:
Silicate metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on a decimeter to meter scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts; the darker parts usually exhibit features of metamorphic rocks whereas the lighter parts are of igneous-looking appearance.


description:
spoil, overburden and other material excavated in mining


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid or 0 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio in the QAPF fraction is between 0.65 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9, 9' and 9* as monzodiorite, foid-beaing monzodiorite, and quartz monzodiorite.


description:
Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 0 an 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9 .


description:
Gabbroid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.65 and 0.9. QAPF field 9, 9 prime and 9 asterisk


description:
Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF field 3b.


description:
Monzonitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8.


description:
Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 8, 8*, and 8'.


description:
Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin.


description:
Sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin.


description:
Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1.


description:
Metamorphic rock characterised by a foliation resulting from tectonic grain size reduction, in which more than 10 percent of the rock volume has undergone grain size reduction. Includes protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, and blastomylonite.


description:
Unconsolidated material known to have natural, i.e. not human-made, origin.


description:
Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition.


description:
Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition.


description:
Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition.


description:
Biogenic sediment consisting of less than 1 percent gravel-size (greater than or equal to 2 mm) particles, with a sand to mud ratio less than 1 to 9, and less than 50 percent carbonate minerals.


description:
Mudstone that contains a significant amount of organic carbon, typically kerogen. Commonly finely laminated, brown or black in color.


description:
Sediment with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.


description:
Sedimentary material in which 50 percent or more of the primary sedimentary material is organic carbon.


description:
Sedimentary rock with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.


description:
A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a phaneritic igneous rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant feldspar, with quartz, and variable hornblende, biotite, and muscovite, with a relatively homogeneous character.


description:
Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible grain supported depositional texture, containing greater than 10 percent grains, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; intergranular spaces are filled by matrix.


description:
A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a sedimentary rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant quartz, mica, or calcsilicate minerals; aluminosilicate minerals or garnet commonly present. Composition of rock tends to be more variable on a decimetric scale that in orthogneiss.


description:
Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at least 50 percent semi-carbonised plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily cut and has a very high moisture content, generally greater than 90 percent. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is less than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.)


description:
Sediment containing greater than 30 percent pebble-size particles (2.0 -64 mm in diameter)


description:
Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1cm or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock;usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths.


description:
Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. Commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite.


description:
Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of individual crystals that can be discerned with the unaided eye. Bounding grain size is on the order of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with 'exotic' composition are excluded from this concept.


description:
Phonolitoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is less than 0.1. Rock consists of alkali feldspar, feldspathoid minerals, and mafic minerals.


description:
Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.


description:
Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is less than 0.5


description:
Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.


description:
Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph.


description:
Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.


description:
Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.


description:
Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. Most commonly occurs as a bedded primary or reworked secondary marine rock, composed of microcrystalline carbonate fluorapatite in the form of lamina, pellets, oolites and nodules, and skeletal, shell and bone fragments.


description:
Rock with a well developed, continuous schistosity, an average grain size between 0.1 and 0.5 millimeters, and a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Individual phyllosilicate grains are barely visible with the unaided eye.


description:
Mylonitic rock composed largely of fine-grained mica that imparts a sheen to foliation surfaces; may have flaser lamination, isoclinal folding, and deformed veins, which indicate significant shearing. Macroscopically resembles phyllite, but formed by mechanical degradation of initially coarser rock.


description:
Igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a finer grained groundmass; groundmass itself may be phaneritic or fine-grained.


description:
Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1.


description:
Mudstone that consists of greater than 90 percent carbonate minerals of intrabasinal orign in the mud fraction, and contains less than 10 percent allochems. The original depositional texture is preserved and fabric is matrix supported. Carbonate mudstone of Dunham (1962)


description:
Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin.


description:
Sedimentary rock in which greater than 90 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are carbonate minerals.


description:
Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.


description:
Fragmental igneous material that consists of more than 75 percent of particles formed by disruption as a direct result of volcanic action.


description:
Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes.


description:
Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite.


description:
Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 5 to 20 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*.


description:
Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains and between 5 and 20 percent quartz mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*.


description:
Anorthositic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*.


description:
Dioritic rock that contains between 5 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*.


description:
Gabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*.


description:
Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than or equal to 75 percent quartz; typically granoblastic texture.


description:
Latitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8*.


description:
Monzodioritic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz.


description:
Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9*.


description:
Monzonitic rock that contains 5-20 percent quartz iin the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8*.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals and contains greater than 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction.


description:
Syenitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7*.


description:
Trachytic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 7*.


description:
Material of composite origin resulting from weathering processes at the Earth’s surface, with genesis dominated by removal of chemical constituents by aqueous leaching. Miinor clastic, chemical, or organic input may also contribute. Consolidation state is not inherent in definition, but typically material is unconsolidated or weakly consolidated.


description:
rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is between 0.1 and 0.65.


description:
fine_grained_igneous_rock consisting of quartz and alkali feldspar, with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or glassy groundmass. Flow texture is common. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2 and 3 or chemically in TAS Field R as rhyolite. QAPF normative definition is based on modal mineralogy thus: less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and ratio of plagioclse to total feldspar is less than 0.65.


description:
Consolidated aggregate of one or more EarthMaterials, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter, or of solid organic material.


description:
Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent halite.


description:
Clastic sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin.


description:
Sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. Composition or genesis of clasts not specified.


description:
Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1.


description:
Jelly like organic rich sediment composed of plant remains, usually algal. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is greater than one (Economic Commission for Europe, Committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.)


description:
Foliated phaneritic metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous schistosity, meaning that greater than 50 percent of the rock by volume is mineral grains with a thin tabular, lamellar, or acicular prismatic crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric.


description:
Unconsolidated material consisting of an aggregation of particles transported or deposited by air, water or ice, or that accumulated by other natural agents, such as chemical precipitation, and that forms in layers on the Earth's surface.


description:
Material formed by accumulation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or material that accumulated by other natural agents such as chemical precipitation from solution or secretion by organisms.


description:
Rock formed by accumulation and cementation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or as a result of other natural agents, such as precipitation from solution, the accumulation of organic material, or from biogenic processes, including secretion by organisms.


description:
Rock consisting of more than 75 percent serpentine-group minerals, eg. antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite; accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present; derived from hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene.


description:
more or less liquid (when disposed) by-products of wastewater treatment


description:
Laminated mudstone that will part or break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification.


description:
Mud size sediment that consists of less than 50 percent carbonate minerals.


description:
Mudstone that contains less than 10 percent carbonate minerals.


description:
ooze that consists of more than 50 percent siliceous skeletal remains


description:
Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent silt-size grains.


description:
Mudstone that contains detectable silt. (see comments)


description:
Metasomatic rock consisting mainly of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, or Mn-silicate minerals, which are free from or poor in water. Typically formed at the contact between a silicate rock or magma and a carbonate rock.


description:
by-product of smelting ore and processing metals


description:
Compact, fine grained rock with an average grain size less than 0.032 millimeter and a well developed schistosity (slaty cleavage), and hence can be split into slabs or thin plates.


description:
More or less liquid (when disposed) by-products of industrial processes


description:
Material added to soil to improve plant growth and health


description:
Altered basic to intermediate composition fine-grained igneous rock in which the feldspar is partially or completely composed of of albite, typically accompanied by chlorite, calcite, quartz, epidote, prehnite, and low-tempaerature hydrous crystallization products. Preservation of eruptive volcanic features is typical.


description:
Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7.


description:
Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 7, 7*, and 7'.


description:
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions.


description:
Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.10 and 0.35. QAPF field 3a.


description:
Unconsolidated pyroclastic material in which greater than 75 percent of the fragments are deposited as a direct result of volcanic processes and the deposit has not been reworked by epiclastic processes. Includes ash, lapilli tephra, bomb tephra, block tephra and unconsolidated agglomerate.


description:
Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.


description:
Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with less than 10 percent normative olivine


description:
Phonolitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.5. Broadly corresponds to TAS tephriphonolite of TAS field U3.


description:
Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite.


description:
Tholeiitic basalt is defined here to contain 2 pyroxene phases and interstitial quartz or tridymite or cristobalite in the groundmass. Pyroxene (augite and orthopyroxene or pigeonite) and calcium-rich plagioclase are common phenocryst minerals. Olivine may also be a phenocryst, and when present, may have rims of pigeonite. Only in tholeiitic basalt is olivine in reaction relationship with melt. Interstitial siliceous residue may be present, and is often glassy. Tholeiitic basalt is relatively poor in sodium. This category includes most basalts of the ocean floor, most large oceanic islands, and continental flood basalts such as the Columbia River Plateau.


description:
Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9.


description:
The dark-colored upper portion af a soil, varying in depth according to soil type.


description:
Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35, between 0 and 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 7.


description:
Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7*.


description:
Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.65. Mafic minerals typically include amphibole or mica; typically porphyritic. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 (with subdivisions) or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite.


description:
Biotically or abiotically precipitated calcium carbonate, from spring-fed, heated, or ambient-temperature water. May be white and spongy, various shades of orange, tan or gray, and ranges to dense, banded or laminated rock. Macrophytes, bryophytes, algae, cyanobacteria and other organisms often colonize the surface of travertine and may be preserved, to produce the porous varieties.


name:
tuff-breccia, agglomerate, or pyroclastic breccia

description:
Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and Styles (1999)


description:
Rock consists of more than 50 percent particles of indeterminate pyroclastic or epiclastic origin and less than 75 percent particles of clearly pyroclastic origin.


description:
Igneous rock with less than 45 percent SiO2.


description:
Igneous rock that consists of greater than 90 percent mafic minerals.


description:
CompoundMaterial composed of an aggregation of particles that do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid in its own right.


description:
Clastic sandstone with more than 10 percent matrix of indeterminate detrital or diagenetic nature. Matrix is mud size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products).


description:
Disposed, non-liquid by-products of any kind, e.g. domestic or industrial waste


description:
Lime-free, clay-enriched loess loam is mainly created by weathering from carbonate loess. (Loess loam is widespread in Baden-Württemberg and an important brickyard raw material.)


description:
Potash salt is a natural salt rock that contains minerals rich in potassium. (In Baden-Württemberg potash was mined in Buggingen  until 1973 https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalisalzbergwerk_Buggingen#Kaliabbau)


description:
Marlstone is a strongly consolidated marl. The rock contains both lime and silicate components, mostly small grain sizes (clay and / or silt). Coarser material (sand and gravel) may be present.


description:
Basalt which is containing foid (foids are minerals that occur in igneous rock where there is a lack of silica, i.e. that are undersaturated with SiO2). (In Baden-Württemberg foid bearing basalt formerly was mined in the Kaiserstuhl area.)


# public_materialroletype

description:
(a) Any change in the mineralogic composition of a rock brought about by physical or chemical means, esp. by the action of hydrothermal solutions; also, a secondary, i.e. supergene, change in a rock or mineral. (b) Changes in the chemical or mineralogical composition of a rock produced by weathering.


description:
The valueless rock or mineral aggregates in an ore; that part of an ore that is not economically desirable but cannot be avoided in mining. It is separated from the ore minerals during concentration


description:
A body of rock serving as a host for other rocks or for mineral deposits; e.g. a pluton containing xenoliths, or any rock in which ore deposits occur. It is a somewhat more specific term than country rock.


description:
The naturally occurring material from which a mineral or minerals of economic value can be extracted at a reasonable profit. Also, the mineral(s) thus extracted. The term is generally but not always used to refer to metalliferous material, and is often modified by the name of the valuable constituent, e.g., "iron ore".


description:
Rocks of which the constituents are newly formed particles that have never been constituents of previously formed rocks and that are not the products of alteration or replacement, esp. igneous rocks formed directly by solidification from a magma


description:
Rocks composed of particles derived from the erosion or weathering of pre-existing rocks, such as residual, chemical, or organic rocks formed of detrital, precipitated, or organically accumulated materials; specif. clastic sedimentary rocks.


description:
The rock adjacent to, enclosing, or including a vein, layer, or dissemination of ore minerals. It is commonly altered by epigenetic processes. The term implies more specific adjacency than host rock or country rock.


# public_minestatustype

description:
A mine can be closed for technical, economical or technico-economical reasons.


description:
A mine can be kept unexploited until the price of contained commodity(ies) makes it economical.


description:
An 'old' mine which has been exploited before 1900.


description:
A mine waiting for the exploitation authorization, generally given by a State Mining Engineering Department.


description:
Technical economic study aimed at assessing the possibility to launching a mine venture.


# public_miningactivitytypetype

description:
A horizontal passage from the surface into a mine.


description:
Said of a placer formed by the action of running water, as in a stream channel or alluvial fan also, said of the valuable mineral, e.g. gold or diamond, associated with an alluvial placer.


description:
A mineral extraction activity in which ore is extracted from the subsurface via underground mine workings (adits, shafts, drifts, stopes, etc.).


description:
Passage or adit driven on a decline from the surface to provide access to a mine.


description:
A term applied in the western U.S. to diggings for gold or other precious minerals located on a bar or in the shallows of a stream, and worked when the water is low.


description:
Excavation of underwater mineral resources by floating equipment. Dredging systems are classified as mechanical or hydraulic, depending on the method of material transport.


description:
A form of open pit mining in which the digging machinery and processing plant are situated on a floating barge or hull.


description:
The recovery of desired material, generally in open pits, by means of strong jets of water


description:
An open-sky excavation (also open-sky mine) for the extraction of metallic ores and /or commodities.


description:
Covers both the open pit and underground mining activity.


description:
Open workings, usually for the extraction of stone.


description:
New mining activities carried out on already explored mines.


description:
A vertical or inclined excavation through which a mine is worked.


description:
Concentrating heavy minerals, e.g., gold or cassiterite, by washing unconsolidated material through boxes (sluices) equipped with riffles that trap the heavier minerals on the floor of the box.


description:
(a) The in-place dissolution of water-soluble mineral components of an ore deposit by permitting a leaching solution, usually aqueous, to trickle downward through the fractured ore to collection galleries at depth. b) The mining of soluble rock material, esp. salt, from underground deposits by pumping water down wells into contact with the deposit and removing the artificial brine thus created.


description:
Mining of underwater mineral deposits at or close to the sea, lake or river bed. May be from floating or land-based platforms involving dredging or vaccuum pumping or may use remote operated vehicle (submersible).


description:
Mining beneath the surface of the earth.


description:
Broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed.


description:
Covers both surface and underground mining.


description:
An underground excavation for the extraction of mineral deposits, in contrast to surface excavations


description:
Extraction of a mineral product in the liquid or gaseous state from the Earth's crust by means of boreholes.  Boreholes are used for mining petroleum, and for the extraction of liquid solutions of salt, sulfur, etc.


# public_namedagetype

description:
Guadalupian (older bound-272.95+/-0.11 Ma, younger bound-259.1 +/-0.5 Ma)


description:
Capitanian (older bound-265.1 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-259.1 +/-0.5 Ma)


description:
Wordian (older bound-268.8 +/-0.5 Ma, younger bound-265.1 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Roadian (older bound-272.95 +/-0.11 Ma, younger bound-268.8 +/-0.5 Ma)


description:
Cisuralian (older bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma, younger bound-272.95 +/-0.11 Ma)


description:
Kungurian (older bound-283.5 +/-0.6 Ma, younger bound-272.95 +/-0.11 Ma)


description:
Artinskian (older bound-290.1 +/-0.26 Ma, younger bound-283.5 +/-0.6 Ma)


description:
Sakmarian (older bound-293.52 +/-0.17 Ma, younger bound-290.1 +/-0.26 Ma)


description:
Asselian (older bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma, younger bound-293.52 +/-0.17 Ma)


description:
Carboniferous (older bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma)


description:
Pennsylvanian (older bound-323.2 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma)


description:
Upper Pennsylvanian (older bound-307.0 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma)


description:
Late/Upper Pennsylvanian (older bound-307.0 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma)


description:
Gzhelian (older bound-303.7 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma)


description:
Kasimovian (older bound-307.0 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-303.7 +/-0.1 Ma)


description:
Middle Pennsylvanian (older bound-315.2 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-307.0 +/-0.1 Ma)


description:
Moscovian (older bound-315.2 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-307.0 +/-0.1 Ma)


description:
Lower Pennsylvanian (older bound-323.2 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-315.2 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Bashkirian (older bound-323.2 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-315.2 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Mississippian (older bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-323.2 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Upper Mississippian (older bound-330.9 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-323.2 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Serpukhovian (older bound-330.9 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-323.2 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Middle Mississippian (older bound-346.7 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-330.9 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Visean (older bound-346.7 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-330.9 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Lower Mississippian (older bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-346.7 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Tournaisian (older bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma, younger bound-346.7 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Devonian (older bound-419.2 +/-3.2 Ma, younger bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Upper Devonian (older bound-382.7 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Late/Upper Devonian (older bound-382.7 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Famennian (older bound-372.2 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-358.9 +/-0.4 Ma)


description:
Frasnian (older bound-382.7 +/-1.6 Ma, younger bound-372.2 +/-1.6 Ma)


description:
Middle Devonian (older bound-393.3 +/-1.2 Ma, younger bound-382.7 +/-1.6 Ma)


description:
Givetian (older bound-387.7+/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-382.7 +/-1.6 Ma)


description:
Eifelian (older bound-393.3 +/-1.2 Ma, younger bound-387.7 +/-0.8 Ma)


description:
Lower Devonian (older bound-419.2 +/-3.2 Ma, younger bound-393.3 +/-1.2 Ma)


description:
Early/Lower Devonian (older bound-419.2 +/-3.2 Ma, younger bound-393.3 +/-1.2 Ma)


description:
Emsian (older bound-407.6 +/-2.6 Ma, younger bound-393.3 +/-1.2 Ma)


description:
Pragian (older bound-410.8 +/-2.8 Ma, younger bound-407.6 +/-2.6 Ma)


description:
Lochkovian (older bound-419.2 +/-3.2 Ma, younger bound-410.8 +/-2.8 Ma)


description:
Silurian (older bound-443.8 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-419.2 +/-3.2 Ma)


description:
Pridoli (older bound-423.0 +/-2.3 Ma, younger bound-419.2 +/-3.2 Ma)


description:
Ludlow (older bound-427.4 +/-0.5 Ma, younger bound-423.0 +/-2.3 Ma)


description:
Ludfordian (older bound-425.6 +/-0.9 Ma, younger bound-423.0 +/-2.3 Ma)


description:
Gorstian (older bound-427.4 +/-0.5 Ma, younger bound-425.6 +/-0.9 Ma)


description:
Wenlock (older bound-433.4 +/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-427.4 +/-0.5 Ma)


description:
Homerian (older bound-430.5 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-427.4 +/-0.5 Ma)


description:
Phanerozoic (older bound-541 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma)


description:
Cenozoic (older bound-66.0 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma)


description:
Quaternary (older bound-2.58 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma)


description:
Holocene (older bound-0.0117 Ma, younger bound-0.0 Ma)


description:
Pleistocene (older bound-2.58 Ma, younger bound-0.0117 Ma)


description:
Weichselian- last glacial period-115,000 years ago and ended 11,700 years ago


description:
Eemian- interglacial period-began about 130,000 years ago and ended about 115,000 years ago


description:
Saalian-glacial period-from around 300,000 to 130,000 years ago or 347,000 to 128,000 years ago


description:
Holsteinian- interglacial-424-374 thousand years ago-or-337-300 thousand years ago


description:
Cromerian complex-glaciation-approximately 800-500 ka ago


description:
Upper Pleistocene (older bound-0.129 Ma, younger bound-0.0117 Ma)


description:
Late/Upper Pleistocene (older bound-0.129 Ma, younger bound-0.0117 Ma)


description:
Chibanian (older bound-0.774 Ma, younger bound-0.129 Ma)


description:
Calabrian (older bound-1.806 Ma, younger bound-0.774 Ma)


description:
Gelasian (older bound-2.58 Ma, younger bound-1.806 Ma)


description:
Neogene (older bound-23.03 Ma, younger bound-2.58 Ma)


description:
Pliocene (older bound-5.333 Ma, younger bound-2.58 Ma)


description:
Piacenzian (older bound-3.6 Ma, younger bound-2.58 Ma)


description:
Zanclean (older bound-5.333 Ma, younger bound-3.6 Ma)


description:
Miocene (older bound-23.03 Ma, younger bound-5.333 Ma)


description:
Messinian (older bound-7.246 Ma, younger bound-5.333 Ma)


description:
Tortonian (older bound-11.63 Ma, younger bound-7.246 Ma)


description:
Serravallian (older bound-13.82 Ma, younger bound-11.63 Ma)


description:
Langhian (older bound-15.97 Ma, younger bound-13.82 Ma)


description:
Burdigalian (older bound-20.44 Ma, younger bound-15.97 Ma)


description:
Aquitanian (older bound-23.03 Ma, younger bound-20.44 Ma)


description:
Paleogene (older bound-66 Ma, younger bound-23.03 Ma)


description:
Oligocene (older bound-33.9 Ma, younger bound-23.03 Ma)


description:
Chattian (older bound-27.82 Ma, younger bound-23.03 Ma)


description:
Rupelian (older bound-33.9 +/-0.1 Ma, younger bound-27.82 Ma)


description:
Eocene (older bound-56.0 Ma, younger bound-33.9 +/-0.1 Ma)


description:
Priabonian (older bound-37.71 Ma, younger bound-33.9  Ma)


description:
Bartonian (older bound-41.2 Ma, younger bound-37.71 Ma)


description:
Lutetian (older bound-47.8 Ma, younger bound-41.2 Ma)


description:
Ypresian (older bound-56.0 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-47.8 Ma)


description:
Paleocene (older bound-66.0 Ma, younger bound-56.0 Ma)


description:
Thanetian (older bound-59.2 Ma, younger bound-56.0 Ma)


description:
Selandian (older bound-61.6 Ma, younger bound-59.2 Ma)


description:
Danian (older bound-66.0 Ma, younger bound-61.6 Ma)


description:
Mesozoic (older bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma, younger bound-66.0 Ma)


description:
Cretaceous (older bound-145.0 Ma, younger bound-66.0 Ma)


description:
Upper Cretaceous (older bound-100.5 Ma, younger bound-66.0 Ma)


description:
Late/Upper Cretaceous (older bound-100.5 Ma, younger bound-66.0 Ma)


description:
Maastrichtian (older bound-72.1 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-66.0 Ma)


description:
Campanian (older bound-83.6 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-72.1 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Santonian (older bound-86.3 +/-0.5 Ma, younger bound-83.6 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Coniacian (older bound-89.8Ma, younger bound-83.6 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Turonian (older bound-93.9 Ma, younger bound-89.8 +/- 0.3 Ma)


description:
Cenomanian (older bound-100.5 Ma, younger bound-93.9 Ma)


description:
Lower Cretaceous (older bound-145 Ma, younger bound-100.5 Ma)


description:
Early/Lower Cretaceous (older bound-145 Ma, younger bound-100.5 Ma)


description:
Albian (older bound-113 Ma, younger bound-100.5 Ma)


description:
Aptian (older bound-125 +/-1 Ma, younger bound-113 Ma)


description:
Barremian (older bound-129.4 Ma, younger bound-125 Ma)


description:
Hauterivian (older bound-132.6 Ma, younger bound-129.4 Ma)


description:
Valanginian (older bound-139.8 Ma, younger bound-132.6 Ma)


description:
Berriasian (older bound-145.0 Ma, younger bound-139.8 Ma)


description:
Jurassic (older bound-201.3 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-145.0 Ma)


description:
Upper Jurassic (older bound-163.5+/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-145.0 Ma)


description:
Late/Upper Jurassic (older bound-163.5+/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-145.0 Ma)


description:
Tithonian (older bound-152.1 +/-0.9 Ma, younger bound-145.0 Ma)


description:
Kimmeridgian (older bound-157.3  +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-152.1 +/-0.9 Ma)


description:
Oxfordian (older bound-163.5 +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-157.3 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Middle Jurassic (older bound-174.1 +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-163.5 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Callovian (older bound-166.1 +/-1.2 Ma, younger bound-163.5 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Bathonian (older bound-168.3 +/-1.3 Ma, younger bound-166.1 +/-1.2 Ma)


description:
Bajocian (older bound-170.3 +/-1.4 Ma, younger bound-168.3 +/-1.3 Ma)


description:
Aalenian (older bound-174.1 +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-170.3 +/-1.4 Ma)


description:
Lower Jurassic (older bound-201.3 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-174.1 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Early/Lower Jurassic (older bound-201.3 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-174.1 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Toarcian (older bound-182.7 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-174.1 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Pliensbachian (older bound-190.8 +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-182.7 +/-0.7 Ma)


description:
Sinemurian (older bound-199.3 +/-0.3 Ma, younger bound-190.8 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Hettangian (older bound-201.3 +/-0.2 Ma, younger bound-199.3 +/-0.3 Ma)


description:
Triassic (older bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma, younger bound-201.3+/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Upper Triassic (older bound-237 Ma, younger bound-201.3 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Superseded - Late/Upper Triassic (older bound-237 Ma, younger bound-201.3 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Rhaetian (older bound-208.5 Ma, younger bound-201.3 +/-0.2 Ma)


description:
Norian (older bound-227 +/-2 Ma, younger bound-208.5 Ma)


description:
Carnian (older bound-237 Ma, younger bound-227 Ma)


description:
Middle Triassic (older bound-247.2 Ma, younger bound-237 Ma)


description:
Ladinian (older bound-242 Ma, younger bound-237 Ma)


description:
Anisian (older bound-247.2 Ma, younger bound-242 Ma)


description:
Lower Triassic (older bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma, younger bound-251.2 Ma)


description:
Early/Lower Triassic (older bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma, younger bound-251.2 Ma)


description:
Olenekian (older bound-251.2 Ma, younger bound-247.2 Ma)


description:
Induan (older bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma, younger bound-251.2 Ma)


description:
Paleozoic (older bound-541.0 +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma)


description:
Permian (older bound-298.9 +/-0.15 Ma, younger bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma)


description:
Lopingian (older bound-259.1+/-0.5 Ma, younger bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma)


description:
Changhsingian (older bound-254.14 +/-0.07 Ma, younger bound-251.902 +/-0.024 Ma)


description:
Wuchiapingian (older bound-259.1 +/-0.5 Ma, younger bound-254.14 +/-0.07 Ma)


description:
Sheinwoodian (older bound-433.4 +/-0.8 Ma, younger bound-430.5 +/-0.7 Ma)


description:
Llandovery (older bound-443.8 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-433.4 +/-0.8 Ma)


description:
Telychian (older bound-438.5 +/-1.1 Ma, younger bound-433.4 +/-0.8 Ma)


description:
Aeronian (older bound-440.4 +/-1.2 Ma, younger bound-438.5 +/-1.1 Ma)


description:
Rhuddanian (older bound-443.8 +/-1.5 Ma, younger bound-440.8 +/-1.2 Ma)


description:
Ordovician (older bound-485.4 +/-1.9 Ma, younger bound-443.8 +/-1.5 Ma)


description:
Upper Ordovician (older bound-458.4 +/-0.9Ma, younger bound-443.8 +/-1.5 Ma)


description:
Late/Upper Ordovician (older bound-458.4 +/-0.9Ma, younger bound-443.8 +/-1.5 Ma)


description:
Hirnantian (older bound-445.2 +/-1.4 Ma, younger bound-443.8 +/-1.5 Ma)


description:
Katian (older bound-453.0 +/-0.7 Ma, younger bound-445.2 +/-1.4 Ma)


description:
Sandbian (older bound-458.4 +/-0.9 Ma, younger bound-453.0 +/-0.7 Ma)


description:
Middle Ordovician (older bound-470.0 +/-1.4 Ma, younger bound-458.4 +/-0.9 Ma)


description:
Darriwilian (older bound-467.3 +/-1.1 Ma, younger bound-458.4 +/-0.9 Ma)


description:
Dapingian (older bound-470.0 +/-1.4 Ma, younger bound-467.3 +/-1.1 Ma)


description:
Lower Ordovician (older bound-485.4 +/-1.9 Ma, younger bound-470.0 +/-1.4 Ma)


description:
Early/Lower Ordovician (older bound-485.4 +/-1.9 Ma, younger bound-470.0 +/-1.4 Ma)


description:
Floian (older bound-477.7 +/-1.4 Ma, younger bound-470.0 +/-1.4 Ma)


description:
Tremadocian (older bound-485.4 +/-1.9 Ma, younger bound-477.7 +/-1.4 Ma)


description:
Cambrian (older bound-541.0 +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-485.4 +/-1.9 Ma)


description:
Furongian (older bound-497 Ma, younger bound-485.4 +/-1.9 Ma)


description:
Cambrian-Stage 10 (older bound-489.5Ma, younger bound-485.4 +/-1.9 Ma)


description:
Jiangshanian (older bound-494 Ma, younger bound-489.5 Ma)


description:
Paibian (older bound-497 Ma, younger bound-494 Ma)


description:
Miaolingian (older bound-509 Ma, younger bound-497 Ma)


description:
Cambrian-Series 3 (older bound-509 Ma, younger bound-497 Ma)


description:
Guzhangian (older bound-500.5 Ma, younger bound-497 Ma)


description:
Drumian (older bound-504.5 Ma, younger bound-500.5 Ma)


description:
Wuliuan (older bound-509 Ma, younger bound-504.5 Ma)


description:
Cambrian-Series 2 (older bound-521 Ma, younger bound-509 Ma)


description:
Cambrian-Stage 4 (older bound-514 Ma, younger bound-509 Ma)


description:
Cambrian-Stage 3 (older bound-521 Ma, younger bound-514 Ma)


description:
Terreneuvian (older bound-541.0 +/-1 .0Ma, younger bound-521 Ma)


description:
Cambrian-Stage 2 (older bound-529 Ma, younger bound-521 Ma)


description:
Fortunian (older bound-541.0 +/-1.0 Ma, younger bound-529 Ma)


description:
Precambrian (older bound-4600 Ma, younger bound-541.0 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Proterozoic (older bound-2500 Ma, younger bound-541.0 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Neoproterozoic (older bound-1000 Ma, younger bound-541.0 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Ediacaran (older bound-635 Ma, younger bound-541.0 +/-1.0 Ma)


description:
Cryogenian (older bound-720 Ma, younger bound-635 Ma)


description:
Tonian (older bound-1000 Ma, younger bound-720 Ma)


description:
Tonian 2 * (older bound-910 Ma, younger bound-720 Ma)


description:
Tonian 1 * (older bound-1000 Ma, younger bound-910 Ma)


description:
Mesoproterozoic (older bound-1600 Ma, younger bound-1000 Ma)


description:
Stenian (older bound-1200 Ma, younger bound-1000 Ma)


description:
Stenian 2 * (older bound-1130.0 Ma, younger bound-1000.0 Ma)


description:
Stenian 1 * (older bound-1200.0 Ma, younger bound-1130.0 Ma)


description:
Ectasian (older bound-1400.0 Ma, younger bound-1200.0 Ma)


description:
Ectasian 4 * (older bound-1250.0 Ma, younger bound-1200.0 Ma)


description:
Ectasian 3 * (older bound-1270.0 Ma, younger bound-1250.0 Ma)


description:
Ectasian 2 * (older bound-1360.0 Ma, younger bound-1270.0 Ma)


description:
Ectasian 1 * (older bound-1400.0 Ma, younger bound-1360.0 Ma)


description:
Calymmian (older bound-1600.0 Ma, younger bound-1400.0 Ma)


description:
Calymmian 4 * (older bound-1440.0 Ma, younger bound-1400.0 Ma)


description:
Calymmian 3 * (older bound-1470.0 Ma, younger bound-1440.0 Ma)


description:
Calymmian 2 * (older bound-1520.0 Ma, younger bound-1470.0 Ma)


description:
Calymmian 1 * (older bound-1600.0 Ma, younger bound-1520.0 Ma)


description:
Paleoproterozoic (older bound-2500.0 Ma, younger bound-1600.0 Ma)


description:
Statherian (older bound-1800.0 Ma, younger bound-1600.0 Ma)


description:
Statherian 4 * (older bound-1660.0 Ma, younger bound-1600.0 Ma)


description:
Statherian 3 * (older bound-1740.0 Ma, younger bound-1660.0 Ma)


description:
Statherian 2 * (older bound-1770.0 Ma, younger bound-1740.0 Ma)


description:
Statherian 1 * (older bound-1800.0 Ma, younger bound-1770.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian (older bound-2050.0 Ma, younger bound-1800.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian 7 * (older bound-1820.0 Ma, younger bound-1800.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian 6 * (older bound-1840.0 Ma, younger bound-1820.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian 5 * (older bound-1870.0 Ma, younger bound-1840.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian 4 * (older bound-1880.0 Ma, younger bound-1870.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian 3 * (older bound-1920.0 Ma, younger bound-1880.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian 2 * (older bound-1960.0 Ma, younger bound-1920.0 Ma)


description:
Orosirian 1 * (older bound-2050.0 Ma, younger bound-1960.0 Ma)


description:
Rhyacian (older bound-2300.0 Ma, younger bound-2050.0 Ma)


description:
Siderian (older bound-2500.0 Ma, younger bound-2300.0 Ma)


description:
Siderian 2 * (older bound-2400.0 Ma, younger bound-2300.0 Ma)


description:
Siderian 1 * (older bound-2500.0 Ma, younger bound-2400.0 Ma)


description:
Archean (older bound-4000.0 Ma, younger bound-2500.0 Ma)


description:
Neoarchean (older bound-2800.0 Ma, younger bound-2500.0 Ma)


description:
Neoarchean 2 * (older bound-2650.0 Ma, younger bound-2500.0 Ma)


description:
Neoarchean 1 * (older bound-2800.0 Ma, younger bound-2650.0 Ma)


description:
Mesoarchean (older bound-3200.0 Ma, younger bound-2800.0 Ma)


description:
Paleoarchean (older bound-3600.0 Ma, younger bound-3200.0 Ma)


description:
Eoarchean (older bound-4000.0 Ma, younger bound-3600.0 Ma)


description:
Hadean (informal Ma) (older bound-4600.0 Ma, younger bound-4000.0 Ma)


# public_occurrencetypetype

name:
obsolete --> 
use mineralDeposit  instead

description:
A mass of naturally occurring mineral material, e.g. metal ores or non-metallic minerals, usually of economic value, without regard to mode of origin. Accumulations of coal and petroleum may or may not be included.


description:
Geologic districts classified by mineral resources.


description:
A region or area that possesses or is characterized by a particular mineral resource.


description:
A mineral deposit consisting of a zone of veins, veinlets, disseminations, or planar breccias.


description:
A coherent zone of mineralized material within a mineral deposit. This may correspond to a lode, or vein, or orebody, or any similar subdivision of a larger mineral deposit.


description:
Any ore or economic mineral in any concentration found in bedrock or as float.


description:
The naturally occurring material from which a mineral or minerals of economic value can be extracted at a reasonable profit.


description:
An informal grouping of mineral deposits that is commonly used by mining or exploration companies in reporting exploration results, resources/reserves, and production figures.


description:
An area that is a potential site of mineral deposits, based on preliminary exploration, previous exploration. A geologic or geophysical anomaly, especially one recommended for additional exploration.


description:
Geologic provinces classified by mineral resources.


description:
Tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. Tailings are distinct from overburden, which is the waste rock or other material that overlies an ore or mineral body and is displaced during mining without being processed.


# public_planarpolaritytype

description:
The plane is overturned (eg bedding is upright overturned)


description:
The plane is upright (eg bedding is upright facing)


# public_processingactivitytypetype

description:
Abrasion is a a wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by friction.


description:
Acid leaching is commonly performed by agitating an ore-leach mixture for 4 to as long as 48 hours at ambient temperature. Except in special circumstances, sulfuric acid is the leachant used; it is supplied in amounts sufficient to obtain a final leach liquor at about pH 1.5. 


description:
Taking up of ions, molecules or colloids on the surface of a material.


description:
Agglomeration: process designed to bind together finely ground particles. The result is an agglomerate or a sinter. Pelletization is a process designed to produce spherical agglomerates of a few mm diameter, called pellets, through a rotating device (balling drum, balling disc) after the addition of some binding material (swelling clay, lime, cement, etc.) and water.


description:
Automated sorting of material on the basis of physical characteristics using optical characteristics (visible spectrum, near infrared, X-ray, ultraviolet), electrical conductivity, density, magnetic susceptibility or other physical properties


description:
There are several different methods that can be used for refining metals including distillation (e.g., mercury and zinc), liquation (e.g., lead and tin), poling (e.g., copper and tin),  electrolysis (e.g., tin, zinc, aluminium...), zone refining (semiconductor metals such as silicon and germanium),  vapor phase refining (e.g., zirconium).


description:
The catalytic action of bacteria, such as Thiobacillus ferroxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans to accelerate chemical oxidation reactions by as much as 106times those of chemical reactions alone; esp. useful in leaching copper and uranium systems.


description:
A shaft furnace in which solid fuel is burned with an airblast to smelt ore in a continuous operation.


description:
The utilization of coal-oil agglomerates in the recovery of gold is based on the natural hydrophobicity/oleophilicity of gold, a property which according to the consensus of most surface chemistry experts is brought about by the ease by which gold surface becomes contaminated, though is possible to recover gold by agglomerating them with oil, the amount of gold in the ore is usually small that there is insufficient gold particles to form agglomerates. Thus, the need to use other hydrophobic materials (e.g. coal) to either form agglomerates together with gold or act as a carrier of gold particles. Agglomerates are prepared in a previous step and then added to the ore pulp in a second step. The gold particles, being oilfilic, penetrate into the agglomerates. In a continuous operation the agglomerates would be maintained in contacting tanks until they reach a pre-determined gold content. The tailings are discarded by means of a screen situated at the upper part of the tanks. The recovery of gold from agglomerates is obtained in a later step by burning the agglomerates and then separating the gold from the ashes.


description:
Calcination (also referred to as calcining) is a thermal treatment process in presence of air applied to ores and other solid materials to bring about a thermal decomposition, phase transition, or removal of a volatile fraction. The calcination process normally takes place at temperatures below the melting point of the product materials. Calcination is to be distinguished from roasting, in which more complex gas–solid reactions take place between the furnace atmosphere and the solids.


description:
In metallurgy, cementation is a process in which ions are reduced to zero valence at a solid metallic interface


description:
Particulate material is introduced into a fluid medium that is being rotated, denser particles move away from the center of rotation faster than lighter particles, allowing them to be concentrated.


description:
Sorting process using chemical separation methods.unknownTreatment


description:
In a dispersed system, particles of all species can be aggregated into larger structures by several mechanisms. Aggregation, based on reducing inter-particle repulsion forces, is known as coagulation and the aggregates are called coagula. If coagulation is induced by a polymer-bridging action, the process is called flocculation and the aggregates are called flocs. When aggregation is achieved as a result of the action of an immersible bridging liquid, such as oil, the process is called agglomeration and the aggregates are referred to as agglomerates. The mechanisms include both those in coagulation (i.e. action of electrolytes) and bridging flocculation by either inorganic polymers or by precipitating metal hydroxides. The latter is known as sweep flocculation.


description:
Breaking solid particles to reduce their sizes; general term encompassing crushing and grinding.


description:
Technique designed to raise an ore grade by removing some of the gangue material.


description:
Coarse comminution, down to a few centimeters.


description:
Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. Crystallization is also a chemical solid-liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs. In chemical engineering crystallization occurs in a crystallizer. Crystallization is therefore an aspect of precipitation, obtained through a variation of the solubility conditions of the solute in the solvent, as compared to precipitation due to chemical reaction.


description:
Cyaniding is the process of treating finely ground gold and silver ores with a weak solution of sodium or potassium cyanide, which readily dissolves these metals. The precious metals are then obtained by precipitation from solution with zinc, or by adsorbtion on activated carbon.


description:
Cyanide leaching is most common in processing gold (and silver) ores. Cyanide dissolves gold from its host rock providing the ore exists as an oxide and is not bound closely. Low-grade ore contains gold in the form of microscopic particles and is processed via heap leaching. If gold is present in a larger and more concentrated state, the ore is ground finely and leached in a tank. A gold/cyanide complex forms as the gold dissolves from the rock or pulp (finely ground ore), according to the equation: 4Au + 8CN– + 2H2O +O2 –> 4Au(CN)2 + 4OH–


description:
The removal of slimes from coal or a mixture of coal and water, however accomplished.


description:
Direct reduction processes can be divided roughly into two categories: gas-based, and coal-based. In both cases, the objective of the process is to drive off the oxygen contained in various forms of iron ore (sized ore, concentrates, pellets, mill scale, furnace dust, etc.), in order to convert the ore to metallic iron, without melting it (below 1200 °C). The direct reduction process is comparatively energy efficient. Steel made using DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) requires significantly less fuel, in that a traditional blast furnace is not needed. DRI is most commonly made into steel using electric arc furnaces to take advantage of the heat produced by the DRI product.


description:
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatilities of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction.


description:
Sieving is the sizing of particules by means of screens or sieves. Particles with a size larger than the screen or sieve opening are said to form the oversize fraction, the others form the undersize fraction. Dry sieving is the prefered method for the size range 40 micro-meters to 125 mm.


description:
Uses an electric current induced into a conductor by changes in magnetic flux cutting through it. The effect of such currents is to induce a secondary magnetic field around the particle;  this field reacts with the applied magnetic field resulting in forces that eject the conducting particle from the stream of mixed particles, providing the means for an effective separation.


description:
Electrolysis: Electrowinning and electrorefining respectively involve the recovery and purification of metals using electrodeposition of metals at the cathode, and either metal dissolution or a competing oxidation reaction at the anode.


description:
A process of removing magnetic materials from relatively nonmagnetic materials, using electromagnets which travel along a conveyor, over a drum, or into a revolving screen.


description:
Separation process based on the difference in electrical conductivity between the various minerals.


description:
An electrochemical process in which a metal dissolved within an electrolyte is plated onto an electrode. Used to recover metals such as cobalt, copper, gold, and nickel from solution in the leaching of ores, concentrates, precipitates, matte, etc.


description:
Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance.


description:
Finishing only concerns dimension stones. The surface of a stone may be finished in a variety of ways: (1) Polished finish - a glossy surface which brings out the full color and character of the stone, (2) Hone finish - a satin smooth surface finish with little or no gloss. This is recommended for commercial floors, (3) Thermal finish - a surface treatment applied by intense heat flaming, (4) Diamond sawed - finish produced by sawing with a diamond toothed saw, (5) Rough sawn - a surface finish resulting from the gang sawing (or frame saw) process, (6) Brush-hammered - a mechanical process which produces textured surfaces. Texture varies from subtle to rough, etc.


description:
Flocculation is the coagulation between particles induced by the bridging action of long-chain organic polymers.


description:
Process in which particles are separated according to their tendency to adhere more or less to air bubbles to form a mineralized froth: this feature is linked to the natural or designed hydrophobic property of the particle surface.


description:
Separation of mineral particles, with the aid of water or air, according to the differences in their specific gravities.


description:
Process in which the valuable particles are separated from the gangue by virtue of the difference between their specific densities. This causes their settling rates within a medium - air or water - to be different. This process is therefore affected by particle size.


description:
Gravity concentration consisting of an inclined planar surface fitted with riffles. Particles are carried across the surface by a fluid flow as the surface is vibrated.  The shaking promotes the segregation of denser particles and keeps them moving across the deck in different angles down to the discharge end. Wilfley table, Holman table are examples.


description:
Grinding is the size reduction of particles by a combination of impact shear and abrasion either dry or wet. Grinding is a fine comminution, down to a few millimeters or less.


description:
A process used for the recovery of copper, uranium, and precious metals from weathered low-grade ore. The crushed material is laid on a slightly sloping, impervious pad and uniformly leached by the percolation of the leach liquor trickling through the beds by gravity to ponds. The metals are recovered by conventional methods from the solution.


description:
A gravity process by using a heavy medium with specific gravity intermediate between that of lighter minerals and heavier minerals. So that lighter minerals float, while heavier minerals sink.


description:
Hydrometallurgy is part of the field of extractive metallurgy involving the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas: leaching, solution concentration and purification, and metal recovery.


description:
A method used for drying and reducing sludge volume and weight. Since incineration requires auxiliary fuel to obtain and maintain high temperature and to evaporate the water contained in the incoming sludge, concentration techniques should be applied before incineration. Sludge incineration is a two-step process involving drying and combustion after a preceding dewatering process, such as filters, drying beds, or centrifuges.


description:
Intermediate stages of the ore treatment


description:
Operations carried out for the leachate precipitation


description:
Action of chemical reagents on a material resulting in the dissolution of some of its elements.


description:
Separation of suspended material by concentrating of pulp and removal of fluid through thickening, filtering, decanting or cycloning.


description:
Separation process based on the difference in magnetic susceptibility between minerals. A magnetic field is used either to deviate the magnetic particles from their course, or to lift the magnetic particles.


description:
Magnetic separation is a process used to separate materials from those that are less or non­magnetic. All materials have a response when placed in a magnetic field, although with most, the effect is too slight to be detected. The few materials that are strongly affected (magnetised) by magnetic fields are known as “Ferromagnetics”, those lesser (though noticeably) affected are known as “Paramagnetics”.


description:
Sorting a coarse material into two or more classes on the basis of physical characteristics: appearance, colour, conductivity, fluorescence, etc., manually.


description:
Operations carried out for metal production from concentrates, pellets…


description:
In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining, the final material is usually identical chemically to the original one, only it is purer. The processes used are of many types, including pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques.


description:
Separation of particles of a fragmented material into several classes according to size. Typically done by means of screens or sieves: particle with a size larger than the screen or sieve opening are said to form the oversize fraction, the others form the undersize fraction.


description:
A method in which finely divided material is rolled in a drum or on an inclined disk, so that the particles cling together and roll up into small, spherical pellets. The addition of a binder may be required to produce a pellet of acceptable mechanical strength. Iron ore pellets can be made from beneficiated or run of mine iron ore fines. Intense interest in the pelletizing process had developed because of the outstanding performance achieved by steel plants in extended operations with pellets as the principal iron bearing material in the blast furnace burden.


description:
Sorting process combining physical and chemical separation methods.


description:
Sorting process using physical separation methods. physicalChemicalTreatment


description:
Operations carried out after the ore concentration


description:
Realized with a machine for removing the maximum amount of liquid from a mixture of liquid and finally divided solids. The solids settle out on the bottom of the thickener tank as a sludge, and the clear liquid overflows at the top of the tank. It is used for processing chemical, metallurgical, and coal-washing slurries.


description:
Upgrading a material through a wet process, usually gravimetry or flotation.


description:
Precious metal refining is the separation of precious metals from noble-metalliferous materials. Examples of these materials include used catalysts, electronic assemblies, ores or metal alloys. In order to isolate noble-metalliferous materials, pyrolysis and/or hydrolysis procedures are used. In pyrolysis, the noble-metalliferous products are released from the other materials by solidifying in a melt to become cinder and then poured off or oxidized. In hydrolysis, the noble-metalliferous products are dissolved either in aqua regia (consisting of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid) or in hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas in solution. Subsequently, certain metals can be precipitated or reduced directly with a salt, gas, organic, and/or nitro hydrate connection. Afterwards, they go through cleaning stages or are recrystallized. The precious metals are separated from the metal salt by calcination. The noble-metalliferous materials are hydrolyzed first and thermally prepared (pyrolysed) thereafter.


description:
Precipitation in hydrometallurgy involves the chemical precipitation of either metals and their compounds or of the contaminants from aqueous solutions. Precipitation will proceed when, through reagent addition, evaporation, pH change or temperature manipulation, any given species exceeds its limit of solubility.


description:
Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce saleable products such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further processing., Examples of elements extracted by pyrometallurgical processes include the oxides of less reactive elements like Fe, Cu, Zn, Chromium, Tin, Manganese.


description:
Roasting is a step in the processing of certain ores. More specifically, roasting is a metallurgical process involving gas–solid reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of purifying the metal component(s). Roasting consists of thermal gas–solid reactions, which can include oxidation, reduction, chlorination, sulfation, and pyrohydrolysis. In roasting, the ore or ore concentrate is treated with very hot air.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting_(metallurgy)


description:
Use if drySieving or wetSieving is not known., Sieving is the sizing of particules by means of screens or sieves. Particles with a size larger than the screen or sieve opening are said to form the oversize fraction, the others form the undersize fraction.


description:
A slanting trough fitted with riffles or with moquette along the bottom of the trough; particles are entrained in fluid flowing through the trough, and denser particles settle to the bottom more rapidly and are trapped.


description:
Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to produce a metal from its ore. Smelting involves thermal reactions in which at least one product is a molten phase. Metal oxides can then be smelted by heating with coke or charcoal (forms of carbon), a reducing agent that liberates the oxygen as carbon dioxide leaving a refined mineral. Carbonate ores are also smelted with charcoal, but are sometimes need to be calcined first., Other materials may need to be added as flux, aiding the melting of the oxide ores and assisting in the formation of a slag, as the flux reacts with impurities, such as silicon compounds., Smelting usually takes place at a temperature above the melting point of the metal, but processes vary considerably according to the ore involved and other matters.


description:
Extraction with a solvent. This may be achieved on: (1) the soluble part of a solid matter (solid/liquid extraction), (2) the elements within a liquid phase (liquid/liquid extraction).


description:
Processes that operate on particulate material to concentrate a desired component and separate it from waste material.


description:
An establishment where steel is made and often manufactured into girders, rails, etc.


description:
The principle of the jig is the action of pulsed vertical movement of water through a volume of particulate material. Particles with a higher specific gravity (density) settle faster, resulting in a concentration of material with higher density at the bottom, on the jig bed.


description:
Metallurgical process for dissolution of metals by means of acid solution. Examples include extraction of copper from oxide- or sulfide-bearing ore and dissolution of uranium from sandstone ores. Acid leaching can occur on heap-leach pads or in situ. Most of the time, sulfuric acid is the leachant used.


description:
The dissolution of metals from solid ore into liquid phase, a process called leaching, is aided by the concentration of reagents [1]. The most common reagent used in leaching of metals is sulphuric acid (H2SO4) [2]. Whereas other heavy metals are able to dissolve in H2SO4, copper (Cu) dissolves quicker in this acid than metals such as zinc, cobalt and iron because it is higher up in the electrochemical series.


description:
Tank leaching, also known as reactor leaching, is dissolving soluble minerals from a solid ore or concentrate within specially designed vessels. The ore or concentrate is fed as slurry or pulp into the leaching tank where it is mixed with a lixiviant, usually an aqueous solution, which acts as a solvent. The duration of the leaching operation can range from hours up to 5 days, the latter retention time being normal when refractory gold concentrates are bioleached.


description:
Sieving is the sizing of particules by means of screens or sieves. Particles with a size larger than the screen or sieve opening are said to form the oversize fraction, the others form the undersize fraction. Used when dry sieving cannot produce an adequate degree of separation between the individual fractions. Often used for the size range from 20 micro-meters to 20 mm.


# public_processingtransformationplantstatustype

description:
A plant can be closed for technical, economical or technico-economical reasons.


description:
An 'old' plant which has been exploited before 1900.


description:
A plant can be kept unexploited until the price of contained commodity(ies) makes it economical.


description:
A plant waiting for the exploitation authorization, generally given by a State Mining Engineering Department.


description:
Technical economic study aimed at assessing the possibility to launching a plant venture.


# public_producttype

name:
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE SURFACE MINING


name:
RUN-OF-MINE (RAW) BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE SHIPPED FROM SURFACE MINING OPERATIONS (without processing or for processing at other establishments)


name:
PROCESSED BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE SHIPPED FROM SURFACE OPERATIONS


name:
Processed bituminous coal and lignite shipped from surface operations, washed by wet-washing, pneumatic, or other methods


name:
Processed bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite coal shipped from surface operations (mechanically crushed, screened, or sized only)


name:
RUN-OF-MINE (RAW) BITUMINOUS COAL SHIPPED FROM UNDERGROUND MINING OPERATIONS (without processing or for processing at other establishments)


name:
PROCESSED BITUMINOUS COAL SHIPPED FROM UNDERGROUND MINING OPERATIONS


name:
Processed bituminous coal shipped from underground mining operations, washed by wet-washing, pneumatic, or other methods


name:
Processed bituminous coal shipped from underground mining operations (mechanically crushed, screened, or sized only)


name:
RUN-OF-MINE (RAW) ANTHRACITE (shipped for use without processing or for processing at other establishments)


name:
Processed anthracite, washed by wet-washing, pneumatic, or other methods


name:
Processed anthracite (mechanically crushed, screened, or sized only)


name:
CRUDE IRON ORE (for direct-shipping or for treatment, concentration, etc.)


name:
Iron ore concentrates (including washed material) for consumption


name:
Iron ore concentrates (including washed material) for agglomeration plants not at blast furnaces


name:
Iron agglomerates (pellets, sinter, briquets, and other)


name:
CRUDE LODE GOLD ORES (gold ores mined, gold ore and residues shipped or transferred)


name:
Gold mill bullion, dore, and precipitates


name:
CRUDE SILVER ORES (silver ores mined, silver ore and residues shipped or transferred)


name:
Silver mill bullion, dore, and precipitates


name:
CRUDE LEAD AND ZINC ORES (lead and zinc ores mined, lead and zinc ores and residues shipped or transferred)


name:
CRUDE COPPER (NICKEL)-BEARING ORES (copper ores mined, copper ore and residues shipped or transferred)


name:
COPPER PRECIPITATES AND ELECTROWON COPPER RECOVERED FROM LEACHING OPERATIONS


name:
Crude ferroalloy ores (except vanadium and nickel), including manganese and manganiferous ores, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.


name:
Other ferroalloy concentrates (except molybdenum, vanadium, and nickel), including chromium, manganese, tungsten, etc.


name:
MISCELLANEOUS METAL ORES AND CONCENTRATES, INCLUDING ANTIMONY, BERYLLIUM, MERCURY, RARE-EARTH METALS, TIN, AND TITANIUM


name:
Other rough dimension stone (slate, marble, trap rock, sandstone, and miscellaneous stone)


name:
CRUSHED AND BROKEN LIMESTONE (MINING AND QUARRYING)


name:
CRUSHED AND BROKEN GRANITE (MINING AND QUARRYING)


name:
BITUMINOUS LIMESTONE, BITUMINOUS SANDSTONE, AND OTHER CRUSHED AND BROKEN STONE (MINING AND QUARRYING)


name:
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL (RUN OF PIT OR BANK)


name:
CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL (WASHED, SCREENED, OR OTHERWISE TREATED)


name:
CLAY AND CERAMIC AND REFRACTORY MINERALS MINING


name:
OTHER CLAY, CERAMIC, AND REFRACTORY MINERALS INCLUDING MAGNESITE AND BRUCITE


name:
Crude common (miscellaneous) clay and shale


name:
Prepared common (miscellaneous) clay and shale


name:
Washed  and  concentrated phosphate rock


name:
Dried, calcined, sintered, or nodulized phosphate rock


name:
OTHER CHEMICAL AND FERTILIZER MINERAL MINING


name:
OTHER   CHEMICAL  AND FERTILIZER MINERALS


name:
Native asphalt and bitumens (except   bituminous   limestone   and bituminous sandstone)


# public_reservecategorytype

description:
Ore reserve without any accessible documentation.


description:
A ‘Probable Ore Reserve’ is the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances, a measured mineral resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined.


description:
Covers both the Proved Ore Reserves and Probable Ore Reserves.inaccessibleDocumentation


description:
A ‘Proved Ore Reserve’ is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource. It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses which may occur when the material is mined.


# public_resourcecategorytype

description:
A combination of indicated mineral resource and inferred mineral resource.


description:
The part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable level of confidence.


description:
The part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity.


description:
A combination of measured mineral resource and indicated mineral resource.


name:
measured, indicated and inferred mineral resource

description:
A combination of measured mineral resource, indicated mineral resource and inferred mineral resource.


description:
The part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a high level of confidence.


description:
Poorly estimated or documented mineral resource.


# public_samplingmethodtype

description:
field measure at location, using and instrument


# public_shapetype

description:
A body bounded by converging surfaces (at least one of which is curved), thick in the middle and thinning out toward the edges, resembling a convex lens


description:
A body having two dimensions that are much larger or longer than the third, e.g. a dyke-hosted or bed-hosted deposit


description:
A roughly cylindrical body having a diameter that decreases to zero at both ends like a cigar or a potato


description:
Having the shape of a nodule or occurring in the form of nodules; e.g. "nodular ore" such as a colloform mineral aggregate with a bulbed surface


description:
A roughly cylindrical body, which may reduce in diameter at one end like a funnel


description:
Body geometry is irregular and can not be characterized using terminology


# public_specimentypetype

description:
e.g. back ground measurement  in the field


# public_unfc_e_type

description:
Development and operation are confirmed to be environmentally-socially-economically viable.


description:
Development is environmentally-socially-economically viable on the basis of current conditions and realistic assumptions of future conditions.


description:
Development is not environmentally-socially-economically viable on the basis of current conditions and realistic assumptions of future conditions, but is made viable through government subsidies and/or other considerations.


name:
Reasonable Prospects for Environmental-Socio-Economic Viability

description:
Development and operation are expected to become environmentally-socially-economically viable in the foreseeable future.


name:
No Knowledge of Environmental-Socio-Economic Viability

description:
Development and operation are not expected to become environmentally-socially-economically viable in the foreseeable future or evaluation is at too early a stage to determine environmental-social-economical viablity.


name:
Estimate product forecast to be developed

description:
Estimate of product that is forecast to be developed, but which will be unused or consumed in operations.


description:
Environmental-socio-economic viability cannot yet be determined due to insufficient information.


description:
On the basis of realistic assumptions of future conditions, it is currently considered that there are not reasonable prospects for environmental-socio-economic viability in the foreseeable future.


# public_unfc_f_type

description:
Technical feasibility of a development project has been confirmed.


description:
Capital funds have been committed and implementation of the development is underway.


description:
Studies have been completed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a development and operation. There shall be a reasonable expectation that all necessary approvals/contracts for the project to proceed to development will be forthcoming.


name:
Reasonable Prospects for Technical Viability

description:
Technical feasibility of a development project is subject to further evaluation.


description:
Project activities are ongoing to justify development in the foreseeable future.


description:
Project activities are on hold and/or where justification as a commercial development may be subject to significant delay.


description:
There are no plans to develop or to acquire additional data at the current time due to limited potential.


description:
Technical feasibility of a development project cannot be evaluated due to limited data.


description:
Site-specific studies have identified a potential development with sufficient confidence to warrant further testing.


description:
Local studies indicate the potential for development in a specific area but requires more data acquisition and/or evaluation in order to have sufficient confidence to warrant further testing.


description:
At the earliest stage of studies, where favourable conditions for the potential development in an area may be inferred from regional studies.


description:
No development project has been identified.


description:
The technology necessary is under active development, following successful pilot studies, but has yet to be demonstrated to be technically feasible for this project.


description:
The technology necessary is being researched, but no successful pilot studies have yet been completed.


description:
The technology is not currently under research or development.


# public_unfc_g_type

description:
Product quantity associated with a project that can be estimated with a high level of confidence.


description:
Product quantity associated with a project that can be estimated with a moderate level of confidence.


description:
Product quantity associated with a project that can be estimated with a low level of confidence.


description:
Product quantity associated with a Prospective Project, estimated primarily on indirect evidence.


description:
Incremental amount to G4.1 such that G4.1+G4.2 equates to a best estimate of the quantities.


description:
Incremental amount to G4.1+G4.2 such that G4.1+G4.2+G4.3 equates to a high estimate of the quantities.


description:
Combination of the high confidence and moderate confidence estimates


name:
Medium to high uncertainty estimate scenario

description:
Combination of the moderate confidence and low confidence estimates


description:
High, moderate and low confidence estimates


# public_wastestoragetypetype

description:
Covered mining waste storage at ground level


description:
Mining waste storage at open-sky environment (ground level)


description:
Mining waste storage at underground environment


description:
Mining waste deposited at sea or lake floor (e.g. sea bed mining)


# public_wastetypetype

name:
exploration mining quarrying physical chemical treatment of minerals

description:
Wastes resulting from exploration, mining, quarrying, and physical and chemical treatment of minerals.


description:
Wastes from mineral metalliferous excavation.


description:
Wastes from mineral non-metalliferous excavation.


description:
Wastes resulting from mineral processing - wastes from mineral dressing.


description:
Wastes resulting from the treatment of run of mine material which aims to physically separate its constituents in order to produce a marketable product - Wastes from the dressing of metalliferous minerals.


description:
Cobbing waste resulting from the separation, generally with a handheld hammer, of worthless minerals from desired minerals in a mining operation; e.g., quartz from feldspar.


name:
mineral dressing magnetic separation tailings


name:
mineral dressing metalliferous wash tailings


name:
mineral dressing metalliferous flotation tailings


name:
mineral dressing metalliferous leach residues


name:
dressing metalliferous minerals not specified

description:
Wastes from the dressing of metalliferous minerals not otherwise specified.


description:
Wastes from the dressing of non-metalliferous minerals.


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals

description:
Wastes from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals.


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals hazardous waste

description:
Wastes containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals.


description:
Sludges/muds/chemical liquid products than specified 01 03 01 - Electrolytic sludge - Brine, liquor (e.g., Bayer liquor, H3PO4) - U leach tailings (sludge) - Lagooned ash.


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals acid generated tailings

description:
Acid-generating tailings from processing of sulphide ore (hazardous wastes).


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals hazardous substances tailings

description:
Other tailings containing hazardous substances.


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals hazardous waste other

description:
Other wastes containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals.


name:
red mud alumina production hazardous substances

description:
Red mud from alumina production containing hazardous substances. Red muds from bauxite refining (Bayer).


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals non-hazardous waste

description:
Non-hazardous wastes from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals.


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals tailings

description:
Tailings - Smelter waste - (Smelting) Slag - Secondary refining residues - Roasting residues (pyrometallurgy) - Dephosphorization slag (Fe ores) Thomas' process slag - Matte (intermediate product).


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals dusty and powdery waste

description:
Dusty and powdery wastes - Flue dust electrochemical processes - Combustion and incineration residue.


name:
physical chemical process metalliferous minerals not specified

description:
Wastes from further physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals not otherwise specified.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals

description:
Wastes from physical and chemical processing of non-metalliferous minerals.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals hazardous substances

description:
Wastes containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of non-metalliferous minerals.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals hazardous substances gravel crushed rocks

description:
Waste gravel and crushed rocks containing hazardous substances.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals hazardous substances sand clay

description:
Waste sand and clays containing hazardous substances.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals hazardous substances dust powdery

description:
Dusty and powdery wastes containing hazardous substances.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals hazardous substances potash rock salt

description:
Wastes from potash and rock salt processing containing hazardous substances.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals hazardous substances washing cleaning

description:
Tailings and other wastes from washing and cleaning of minerals containing hazardous substances.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals hazardous substances stone cutting sawing

description:
Wastes from stone cutting and sawing containing hazardous substances.


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals non-hazardous substances

description:
wastes not containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of non-metalliferous minerals


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals non-hazardous gravel crushed rocks

description:
Waste gravel and crushed rocks (no harzardous substances).


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals non-hazardous sand clay

description:
Waste sand and clays (no harzardous substances).


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals non-hazardous dust powdery

description:
Dusty and powdery wastes (no harzardous substances).


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals non-hazardous potash rock salt

description:
Wastes from potash and rock salt processing (no harzardous substances).


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals non-hazardous washing cleaning

description:
Tailings and other wastes from washing and cleaning of minerals (no harzardous substances).


name:
physical chemical processing non-metalliferous minerals non-hazardous stone cutting sawing

description:
Wastes from stone cutting and sawing (no harzardous substances).


name:
physical chemical process non-metalliferous minerals not specified

description:
Wastes not otherwise specified (no harzardous substances).


description:
Hazardous drilling muds and othet drilling wastes


description:
Oil-containing drilling muds and wastes.


name:
drilling mud wastes hazardous substances

description:
Drilling muds and other drilling wastes containing hazardous substances.


description:
Non-hazardous drilling muds and othet drilling wastes


name:
fresh water drilling muds and wastes (non-hazardous)

description:
Freshwater drilling muds and wastes (non-hazardous).


name:
barite drilling muds and wastes (non-hazardous)

description:
Barite-containing drilling muds and wastes (non-hazardous).


name:
chloride drilling muds and wastes (non-hazardous)

description:
Chloride-containing drilling muds and wastes other (non-hazardous).


description:
Drilling muds and other drilling wastes not otherwise specified.


description:
Wastes from the iron and steel industry.


name:
iron and steel industry unprocessed slag


name:
iron and steel industry gas treatment hazardous substances

description:
Solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances.


name:
iron and steel industry gas treatment no hazardous substances

description:
Solid wastes from gas treatment not containing hazardous substances.


name:
iron and steel industry cooling water treatment oil

description:
Wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil.


name:
iron and steel industry cooling water treatment no oil

description:
Wastes from cooling-water treatment not containing oil.


name:
iron and steel industry gas treatment sludges filter cakes hazardous substances

description:
Sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances.


name:
iron and steel industry gas treatment sludges filter cakes no hazardous substances

description:
Sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment not containing hazardous substances.


name:
iron and steel industry sludges filter cakes other


name:
iron and steel industry wastes not specified


description:
Wastes from aluminium thermal metallurgy.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy anode scraps


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy primary slag


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy waste alumina


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy secondary salt slag


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy secondary black drosses

description:
Black drosses from secondary production.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy flamable emit skimmings

description:
Skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy skimmings other

description:
Skimmings other than those mentioned in 02.02.06..


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy tar containing wastes

description:
Tar-containing wastes from anode manufacture.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy carbon containing wastes

description:
Carbon-containing wastes from anode manufacture other than those mentioned in 02.02.08..


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy flue gas dust hazardous substances

description:
Flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy flue gas dust no hazardous substances

description:
Flue-gas dust not containing hazardous substances.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy particulates dust hazardous substances

description:
Other particulates and dust (including ball-mill dust) containing hazardous substances.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy particulates dust other

description:
Other particulates and dust (including ball-mill dust) other than those mentioned in 02.02.12..


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy gas treatment solid wastes hazardous substances


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy gas treatment solid wastes no hazardous substances


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy gas treatment sludges filter cakes hazardous substances


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy gas treatment sludges filter cakes no hazardous substances


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment oil


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment no oil


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy salt slag black drosses hazardous treatment

description:
Wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses containing hazardous substances.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy salt slag black drosses no hazardous substances

description:
Wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses not containing hazardous substances.


name:
aluminium thermal metallurgy not specified


name:
lead thermal metallurgy primary secondary slag

description:
Slags from primary and secondary production.


name:
lead thermal metallurgy primary secondary dross skimming

description:
Dross and skimmings from primary and secondary production.


name:
lead thermal metallurgy calcium arsenate


name:
lead thermal metallurgy particulates dust other


name:
lead thermal metallurgy gas treatment solid wastes


name:
lead thermal metallurgy gas treatment sludges filter cakes

description:
Sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment.


name:
lead thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment oil


name:
lead thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment no oil


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy primary secondary slag


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy particulates dust other


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy gas treatment solid wastes


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy gas treatment sludges filter cakes


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment oil


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment no oil


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy flamable emit dross skimmings hazardous quantities

description:
Dross and skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities.


name:
zinc thermal metallurgy dross skimmings other

description:
Dross and skimmings other than those mentioned in 02.04.08..


name:
copper thermal metallurgy primary secondary slag


name:
manufacture glass and glass products not specified


name:
copper thermal metallurgy primary secondary dross skimming


name:
copper thermal metallurgy particulates dust other


name:
copper thermal metallurgy gas treatment solid wastes


name:
copper thermal metallurgy gas treatment sludges filter cakes


name:
copper thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment oil


name:
copper thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment no oil


description:
Wastes from silver, gold and platinum thermal metallurgy.


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy primary secondary slag


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy primary secondary dross skimming


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy gas treatment solid wastes


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy particulates dust other


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy gas treatment sludges filter cakes


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment oil


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment no oil


name:
silver gold platinum thermal metallurgy not specified


description:
Wastes from other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy.


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy particulates dust


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy primary secondary salt slag

description:
Salt slag from primary and secondary production.


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy slags other


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy flamable emit dross skimmings hazardous quantities


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy dross skimmings other

description:
Dross and skimmings other than those mentioned in 02.07.04..


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy tar containing wastes


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy carbon containing wastes

description:
Carbon-containing wastes from anode manufacture other than those mentioned in 02.07.06..


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy anode scraps


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy flue gas dust hazardous substances


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy flue gas dust no hazardous substances

description:
Flue-gas dust other not containing hazardous substances.


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy flue gas sludges filter cakes hazardous substances

description:
Sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances.


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy sludges filter cakes no hazardous substances

description:
Sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment not containing hazardous substances.


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment oil


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy cooling water treatment other


name:
other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy not specified


name:
casting of ferrous pieces casting cores moulds hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces casting cores moulds no hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring not containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces casting cores moulds pouring hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces casting cores moulds pouring no hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring not containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces flue gas dust hazardous substances


name:
casting of ferrous pieces flue gas dust other no hazardous substances


name:
casting of ferrous pieces particulates hazardous substances

description:
Other particulates containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces particulates no hazardous substances

description:
Other particulates not containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces binders hazardous substances

description:
Waste binders containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces binders no hazardous substances

description:
Waste binders not containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces crack indicating agent hazardous substances

description:
Waste crack-indicating agent containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of ferrous pieces crack indicating agent no hazardous substances

description:
Waste crack-indicating agent not containing hazardous substances.


description:
Wastes from casting of non-ferrous pieces.


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces furnace slag


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces casting cores moulds hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces casting cores moulds no hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, not containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces casting cores moulds pouring hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces casting cores moulds pouring no hazardous substances

description:
Casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, not containing hazardous substances.


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces flue gas dust hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces flue gas dust no hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces particulates hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces particulates no hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces binders hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces binders no hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces crack indicating agent hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces crack indicating agent no hazardous substances


name:
casting of non-ferrous pieces not specified


description:
Wastes from manufacture of glass and glass products.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products glass based fibrous materials


name:
manufacture glass and glass products particulates dust


name:
manufacture glass and glass products mixture before thermal processing hazardous substances

description:
Waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products mixture before thermal procsessing no hazardous substances

description:
Waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, not containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products particles glass powder heavy metal

description:
Waste glass in small particles and glass powder containing heavy metals (for example from cathode ray tubes).


name:
manufacture glass and glass products particles glass powder other

description:
Waste glass other than those mentioned in 02.10.05..


name:
manufacture glass and glass products polishing sludge harzardous substances

description:
Glass-polishing and -grinding sludge containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products polishing sludge no hazardous substances

description:
Glass-polishing and -grinding sludge not containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products flue gas hazardous substances

description:
Solid wastes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products flue gas no hazardous substances

description:
Solid wastes from flue-gas treatment not containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products flue gass sludges filter cakes hazardous substance


name:
manufacture glass and glass products sludges filter cakes no hazardous substances


name:
manufacture glass and glass products effluent hazardous substances

description:
Solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture glass and glass products effluent no hazardous substances

description:
Solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment not containing hazardous substances.


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products

description:
Wastes from manufacture of ceramic goods, bricks, tiles and construction products.


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products before thermal procsessing

description:
Waste preparation mixture before thermal processing.


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products particulates dust


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products gas treatment sludges filter cakes


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products dicarded moulds


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products after thermal procsessing

description:
Waste ceramics, bricks, tiles and construction products (after thermal processing).


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products gas treatment hazardous substances


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products gas treatment no hazardous substances


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products glazing heavy metal

description:
Wastes from glazing containing heavy metals.


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products glazing no heavy metals

description:
Wastes from glazing not containing heavy metals.


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products effluent sludge


name:
manufacture ceramic goods bricks tiles construction products not specified


description:
Wastes from manufacture of cement, lime and plaster and articles and products made from them.


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster before thermal procsessing


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster calcination hydration of lime

description:
Wastes from calcination and hydration of lime.


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster particulates dust

description:
Particulates and dust (except 02.12.08.. and 02.12.09..)


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster gas treatment sludges filter cakes


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster asbestos cement manufacture asbestos

description:
Wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture containing asbestos.


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster asbestos cement manufacture other

description:
Wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture other than those mentioned in 02.12.05..


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster cement composite other

description:
Wastes from cement-based composite materials other than those mentioned in 02.12.05.. and 02.12.06..


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster gas treatment hazardous substances


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster gas treatment no hazardous substances


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster concrete sludge


name:
manufacture cement lime and plaster not specified


name:
crematoria gas cleaning containing mercury

description:
Waste from gas cleaning containing mercury.


name:
metal Wastes Mixed Ferrous And Non Ferrous


name:
mineral Waste From Construction And Demolition


name:
mineral Wastes From Waste Treatment And Stabilised Wastes


# public_zonetypetype

description:
Part of the territory of a Member State, as delimited by that Member State for the purposes of air quality assessment and management.


description:
An area delimited by a competent authority to manage and mitigate noise pollution. This includes agglomerations and quiet areas (in agglomerations and open country) as defined in the Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.


description:
Restriction zones established for the control and eradication of notifiable animal diseases


description:
The area on which the prospection or extraction of any mineral has been authorised and for which that right or permit is granted.


name:
regulated fairway at Sea or large inland water

description:
Regulated navigation areas port-to-port established to organise traffic, prevent accident and pollution and to support management and planning.


name:
restricted zones around contaminated sites

description:
Zones established to protect human, plant and animal health and control movement and development within a contaminated site.


description:
Area affected by disposal of waste as defined in Article 3(19) of Directive 2008/98/EC .


description:
Area in which integrated coastal zone management takes place.


description:
Area in which waste water leakage, use of fertilizer or pesticides, or establishment of waste disposal sites are prohibited.


description:
Areas of land which drain into polluted or threatened waters and which contribute to nitrate pollution.


description:
Marine regions and their subregions are sea regions designated under international, Union, national or sub-national legislation for the purpose of assessment, management and regulation.


description:
Area of land and sea, made up of one or more neighbouring river basins together with their associated groundwaters and coastal waters, identified under Article 3(1) of Directive 2000/60/EC  as the main unit for management of river basins.


description:
Coastal waters or inland waters (rivers, lakes) explicitly authorised, or not prohibited for recreational bathing by large numbers of people.


description:
Area of land and sea, identified under Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and Council  as the main unit for management when an alternative to the River Basin Districts or Sub-Districts are chosen.


name:
water body under the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC)

description:
The “water body” is a coherent sub-unit in the river basin (district) to which the environmental objectives of the Directive 2000/60/EC must apply. The identification of water bodies is based on geographical and hydrological determinants. This includes surface (river, lake, transitional and coastal) and ground water bodies.


description:
Water bodies identified as sensitive areas, as defined in Annex II to Directive 91/271/EEC .


description:
Marine, coastal or surface waters designated by Member States as needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life.


description:
Protection zone within which protective measures are established against the introduction of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread.


description:
Area designated for the sustainable management of forest resources and functions.


